Diet, Secondhand Smoke, and Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Levels among Singapore Chinese Adults

Brianna F. Moore, Lesley M. Butler, Annette M. Bachand, Agus Salim, Stephen J. Reynolds, Renwei Wang, Tracy L. Nelson, Jennifer L. Peel, Sharon E. Murphy, Woon-Puay Koh, Jian-Min Yuan and Maggie L. Clark
Additional contact information
Brianna F. Moore: Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
Lesley M. Butler: The UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
Annette M. Bachand: Ramboll U.S. Corporation, 28 Amity Street Suite 2A, Amherst, MA 01002, USA
Agus Salim: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
Stephen J. Reynolds: Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
Renwei Wang: The UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
Tracy L. Nelson: Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
Jennifer L. Peel: Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
Sharon E. Murphy: Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Woon-Puay Koh: Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
Jian-Min Yuan: The UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
Maggie L. Clark: Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA

IJERPH, 2019, vol. 16, issue 24, 1-14

Abstract: The combination of poor diet and exposure to secondhand smoke may increase hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, but few studies have explored this interaction. We explored an interaction among 574 never-smoking adults from the Singapore Chinese Health Study. At baseline (age 59 ± 8 years), intakes of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin C, vitamin E and fiber were estimated using a modified food frequency questionnaire. At follow-up (age 64 ± 9 years), HbA1c and cotinine were measured. A product term between cotinine (above or below the median value) and each nutrient (high or low intake) was included in separate linear regression models with HbA1c as the outcome. HbA1c among those with high cotinine and low omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intakes were higher than would be expected due to the individual effects alone ( p -for-interaction = 0.05). Among those with lower intakes of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, high cotinine levels were associated with 0.54% higher HbA1c levels (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02, 1.06). Conversely, among those with higher intakes of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, HbA1c differ not differ by exposure (−0.09%; 95% CI: −0.45, 0.30). No evidence of interaction was observed for other nutrients. Diets high in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may ameliorate secondhand smoke-induced increases in HbA1c.

Keywords: diet; antioxidants; omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; cotinine; HbA1c; interaction (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/24/5148/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/24/5148/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:24:p:5148-:d:298683

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().