Relationships between Vitamin D 3 and Metabolic Syndrome

Sylwia Wieder-Huszla, Anna Jurczak, Małgorzata Szkup, Katarzyna Barczak, Barbara Dołęgowska, Daria Schneider-Matyka, Joanna Owsianowska and Elżbieta Grochans
Additional contact information
Sylwia Wieder-Huszla: Department of Clinical Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
Anna Jurczak: Department of Clinical Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
Małgorzata Szkup: Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
Katarzyna Barczak: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
Barbara Dołęgowska: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
Daria Schneider-Matyka: Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
Joanna Owsianowska: Department of Clinical Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
Elżbieta Grochans: Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland

IJERPH, 2019, vol. 16, issue 2, 1-12

Abstract: The growing number of overweight and obese individuals is an alarming global problem; these conditions are risk factors for the development of health problems such as metabolic syndrome (MetS), type-2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. Numerous studies have suggested that vitamin D 3 deficiency plays a role in the pathogenesis of MetS. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between MetS and vitamin D 3 levels in women. Laboratory analysis demonstrated that only 26.89% of the participants had vitamin D 3 levels close to normal, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) measurements revealed android obesity in 75.63% of the women. The menstruating women more often suffered from vitamin D 3 deficiency, and less often had elevated vitamin D 3 levels. The conclusions are as follows: (1) There were no statistically significant relationships between vitamin D 3 levels and MetS parameters, namely the level of triglycerides, the levels of low- and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL), the level of total cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP). Vitamin D deficiency was only observed in the women with abdominal obesity. (2) Low vitamin D 3 levels were typical of perimenopausal women. Age was a variable correlating with vitamin D. (3) The presence of menstrual cycles was an important contributor to vitamin D levels. Vitamin D deficiency was significantly more common in the menstruating women.

Keywords: metabolic syndrome; vitamin D 3; women (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/2/175/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/2/175/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:2:p:175-:d:196256

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().