Effect of Liming with Various Water Regimes on Both Immobilization of Cadmium and Improvement of Bacterial Communities in Contaminated Paddy: A Field Experiment

Lei Shi, Zhaohui Guo, Fang Liang, Xiyuan Xiao, Chi Peng, Peng Zeng, Wenli Feng and Hongzhen Ran
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Lei Shi: Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Zhaohui Guo: Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Fang Liang: Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Xiyuan Xiao: Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Chi Peng: Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Peng Zeng: Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Wenli Feng: Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Hongzhen Ran: Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China

IJERPH, 2019, vol. 16, issue 3, 1-14

Abstract: Cadmium (Cd) in paddy soil is one of the most harmful potentially toxic elements threatening human health. In order to study the effect of lime combined with intermittent and flooding conditions on the soil pH, Cd availability and its accumulation in tissues at the tillering, filling and maturity stages of rice, as well as enzyme activity and the microbial community in contaminated soil, a field experiment was conducted. The results showed that liming under flooding conditions is a more suitable strategy for in situ remediation of Cd-contaminated paddy soil than intermittent conditions. The availability of Cd in soils was closely related to the duration of flooding. Liming was an effective way at reducing available Cd in flooding soil because it promotes the transformation of Cd in soil from acid-extractable to reducible fraction or residual fraction during the reproductive growth period of rice. Compared with control, after liming, the concentration of Cd in brown rice was reduced by 34.9% under intermittent condition while reduced by 55.8% under flooding condition. Meanwhile, phosphatase, urease, and invertase activities in soil increased by 116.7%, 61.4% and 28.8%, and 41.3%, 46.5% and 20.8%, respectively. The high urease activity in tested soils could be used to assess soil recovery with liming for the remediation of contaminated soil. Soil microbial diversity was determined by the activities of soil acid phosphatase, urease and available Cd by redundancy analysis (RDA). The results indicated that the problem of Cd-contaminated paddy soil could achieve risk control of agricultural planting by chemical treatment such as lime, combined with various water regimes.

Keywords: lime; microbial community; potentially toxic elements; soil remediation; agronomic measures (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
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