Association between Heavy Metals, Bisphenol A, Volatile Organic Compounds and Phthalates and Metabolic Syndrome

Yun Hwa Shim, Jung Won Ock, Yoon-Ji Kim, Youngki Kim, Se Yeong Kim and Dongmug Kang
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Yun Hwa Shim: Department of Premedicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Korea
Jung Won Ock: Department of Premedicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Korea
Yoon-Ji Kim: Department of Preventive, and Occupational & Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Korea
Youngki Kim: Department of Preventive, and Occupational & Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Korea
Se Yeong Kim: Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Korea
Dongmug Kang: Department of Preventive, and Occupational & Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Korea

IJERPH, 2019, vol. 16, issue 4, 1-12

Abstract: The incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which causes heart disease and stroke, has increased significantly worldwide. Although many studies have revealed the relationship between heavy metals (cadmium, mercury, and lead), the sum of metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and MetS, the results remain inconsistent. No study has reported the association between various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and phthalate metabolites with MetS. This cross-sectional study of a representative sample of adult South Koreans aimed to evaluate the relationship between heavy metals, VOC metabolites, phthalate metabolites, bisphenol A and MetS after adjusting for demographic variables. Data from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey II (2012–2014) ( n = 5251) were used in the analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed for MetS with log-transformed hazardous material quartiles after covariate adjustment. Urine muconic acid (MuA) and mono- (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) levels were significantly associated with MetS after adjusting for confounders (odds ratio: 1.34 and 1.39, respectively). Urine MuA and MEHHP levels were significantly associated with MetS. Because of the rarity of this study, which investigated the relationship between each VOC and phthalate metabolite with MetS and the strict definition of all indirect measures of MetS components, further research is needed.

Keywords: metabolic syndrome; volatile organic compound; phthalate; muconic acid; MEHHP (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

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