Geospatial Distributions of Groundwater Quality in Gedaref State Using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Drinking Water Quality Index (DWQI)

Basheer A. Elubid, Tao Huang, Ekhlas H. Ahmed, Jianfei Zhao, Khalid. M. Elhag, Waleed Abbass and Mohammed M. Babiker
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Basheer A. Elubid: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, high-tech zone, Chengdu 611756, China
Tao Huang: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, high-tech zone, Chengdu 611756, China
Ekhlas H. Ahmed: School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611756, China
Jianfei Zhao: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, high-tech zone, Chengdu 611756, China
Khalid. M. Elhag: Key Laboratory of Digital Earth, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9 Dengzhuang South Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, China
Waleed Abbass: Department of Hydrogeology, Faculty of Petroleum & Minerals, Al Neelain University, Khartoum 11121, Sudan
Mohammed M. Babiker: Water Environmental Sanitation Project (WES), Gedaref State Water Corporation, Gedaref 32214, Sudan

IJERPH, 2019, vol. 16, issue 5, 1-20

Abstract: The observation of groundwater quality elements is essential for understanding the classification and distribution of drinking water. Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing (RS), are intensive tools for the performance and analysis of spatial datum associated with groundwater sources control. In this study, groundwater quality parameters were observed in three different aquifers including: sandstone, alluvium and basalt. These aquifers are the primary source of national drinking water and partly for agricultural activity in El Faw, El Raha (Fw-Rh), El Qalabat and El Quresha (Qa-Qu) localities in the southern part of Gedaref State in eastern Sudan. The aquifers have been overworked intensively as the main source of indigenous water supply in the study area. The interpolation methods were used to demonstrate the facies pattern and Drinking Water Quality Index (DWQI) of the groundwater in the research area. The GIS interpolation tool was used to obtain the spatial distribution of groundwater quality parameters and DWQI in the area. Forty samples were assembled and investigated for the analysis of major cations and anions. The groundwater in this research is controlled by sodium and bicarbonate ions that defined the composition of the water type to be Na HCO 3 . However, from the plots of piper diagram; the samples result revealed (40%) Na-Mg-HCO 3 and (35%) Na-HCO 3 water types. The outcome of the analysis reveals that several groundwater samples have been found to be suitable for drinking purposes in Fa-Rh and Qa-Qu areas.

Keywords: aquifers; drinking water quality index DWQI; spatial distribution; piper diagram; interpolation methods (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
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