Health-Associated Nutrition and Exercise Behaviors in Relation to Metabolic Risk Factors Stratified by Body Mass Index

Jui-Hua Huang, Ren-Hau Li, Shu-Ling Huang, Hon-Ke Sia, Wei-Ting Hsu and Feng-Cheng Tang
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Jui-Hua Huang: Department of Golden-Ager Industry Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413, Taiwan
Ren-Hau Li: Department of Psychology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
Shu-Ling Huang: Department of Psychology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
Hon-Ke Sia: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
Wei-Ting Hsu: Department of Construction Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413, Taiwan
Feng-Cheng Tang: Department of Leisure Services Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413, Taiwan

IJERPH, 2019, vol. 16, issue 5, 1-13

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the relationships of nutrition and exercise behaviors on metabolic risk factors (MRF) when body mass index (BMI) was considered. Health-associated nutrition and exercise behaviors were assessed by a questionnaire, anthropometric values, blood pressure and biochemical determinations that were obtained from 4017 workers. The nutrition score was negatively associated with triglycerides in the overweight subgroup and with systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the obese subgroup. The exercise score was negatively associated with triglycerides and waist circumference (WC) and positively associated with SBP and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the ideal weight subgroup as well as being negatively associated with WC and positively associated with HDL-C in the overweight subgroup. Similarly, the exercise score was negatively associated with WC and positively associated with SBP in the obese subgroup. However, no significant association was found between nutrition or exercise behavior and MRF in the underweight subgroup. In conclusion, the relationships of exercise and nutrition behaviors on MRF varied for different levels of BMI. Exercise showed a significant association with lower WC. Moreover, its effect showed a gradient trend in accordance with the levels of BMI. For ameliorating MRF, exercise seemed to have better effects than nutrition behavior, especially in the ideal weight subgroup.

Keywords: nutrition; exercise; metabolic risk factors; health promotion; worker (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
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