A Molecular Docking Approach to Evaluate the Pharmacological Properties of Natural and Synthetic Treatment Candidates for Use against Hypertension

Syed Awais Attique, Muhammad Hassan, Muhammad Usman, Rana Muhammad Atif, Shahid Mahboob, Khalid A. Al-Ghanim, Muhammad Bilal and Muhammad Zohaib Nawaz
Additional contact information
Syed Awais Attique: Department of Computer Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Muhammad Hassan: Department of Computer Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Muhammad Usman: Department of Computer Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Rana Muhammad Atif: Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Shahid Mahboob: Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Khalid A. Al-Ghanim: Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Muhammad Bilal: School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
Muhammad Zohaib Nawaz: Department of Computer Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan

IJERPH, 2019, vol. 16, issue 6, 1-17

Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become the leading cause of disability and death worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Hypertension, a major cause of CVD progression, is widely attributable to genetic, behavioral, and environmental risk factors. Among the genetic reasons, angiotensin II enzyme, produced as a result of abnormal functioning of the renin–angiotensin system, is reported as the foremost cause of hypertension. A cascade of genes, including those encoding for WNK kinases (WNK1 and WNK4), Bp1, Bp2, angiotensinogen, and other enzymes, is involved in the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. However, the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays a crucial role in this pathway. Therefore, ACE could be a potential therapeutic target in regulating the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and eventually controlling hypertension. In this study, a molecular docking-based approach was utilized for identifying and evaluating potential inhibitors of ACE present in herbs, other natural sources, and synthetic sources, on the basis of these compounds’ binding affinities and other physicochemical features. In addition, the suitability of these inhibitors as drugs for biological systems, considering their adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), was predicted using Lipinski’s rule. In conclusion, our study provides a novel and clearer insight into the interaction properties of known putative inhibitors of ACE.

Keywords: angiotensin-converting enzyme; ligands; hypertension; molecular docking; drug designing (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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