Interactions between 14 Elements in the Human Placenta, Fetal Membrane and Umbilical Cord

Karolina Kot, Danuta Kosik-Bogacka, Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk, Witold Malinowski, Sławomir Szymański, Maciej Mularczyk, Natalia Tomska and Iwona Rotter
Additional contact information
Karolina Kot: Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
Danuta Kosik-Bogacka: Independent of Pharmaceutical Botany, Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk: Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
Witold Malinowski: Department of Obstetrical and Gynecological Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Zolnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
Sławomir Szymański: Department of Obstetrical and Gynecological Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Zolnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
Maciej Mularczyk: Chair and Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
Natalia Tomska: Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Zolnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
Iwona Rotter: Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Physiotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Zolnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland

IJERPH, 2019, vol. 16, issue 9, 1-13

Abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate relationships between the concentrations of macroelements (Ca), microelements (Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sn, Sr, V, Zn) and heavy metals (Ag, Cd, Pb) in the placenta, fetal membrane and umbilical cord. ?Furthermore, we examined relationships between the concentrations of these metals in the studied afterbirths and maternal age, gestational age, placenta parameters (breadth, length, weight) and newborn parameters (length, weight and Apgar score). This study confirms previously reported Zn-Cd, Pb-Cd and Ni-Pb interactions in the placenta. New types of interactions in the placenta, fetal membrane and umbilical cord were also noted. Analysis of the correlations between metal elements in the afterbirths (placenta, fetal membrane and umbilical cord) and biological parameters showed the following relationships: maternal age and Mn (in the fetal membrane); gestational age and Cr, Fe, Zn (in the fetal membrane), Ag and Cu (in the umbilical cord); newborn’s length and Sr (in the placenta), Ag (in the umbilical cord); newborn’s weight and Sr (in the placenta), Cu (in the fetal membrane), Ag (in the umbilical cord); Apgar score and Ca, Cr and Ni (in the umbilical cord); placenta’s length and Cr and Sn (in the fetal membrane), Cu (in the umbilical cord); placenta’s width and Mo, Pb (in the placenta) and placenta weight and Sr (in the placenta), Ag, Fe, Mn (in the fetal membrane). The results show the influence of metals on the placenta, mother and newborn parameters, and the same point indicates the essential trace elements during the course of pregnancy.

Keywords: trace elements; human; afterbirths (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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