Individual and Regional Characteristics Associated with Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy in Japan: Healthy Parents and Children 21

Tadao Ooka, Yuka Akiyama, Ryoji Shinohara, Hiroshi Yokomichi and Zentaro Yamagata
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Tadao Ooka: Department of Health Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
Yuka Akiyama: Department of Health Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
Ryoji Shinohara: Department of Health Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
Hiroshi Yokomichi: Department of Health Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
Zentaro Yamagata: Department of Health Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan

IJERPH, 2019, vol. 17, issue 1, 1-20

Abstract: Smoking during pregnancy causes various maternal and fetal health problems. Although there are considerable differences in maternal smoking proportions between localities, only a few studies have investigated the effects of regional characteristics on maternal smoking behavior. This study aimed to clarify the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and individual and regional characteristics. We used data from a large nationwide birth cohort study in Japan that consisted of information on 20,267 women with children aged 3–4 months. The multilevel regression model was used to examine the association between smoking behavior during pregnancy and individual and regional characteristics. On multilevel analysis, late birth order, young age of the mother at birth, low birth weight, low economic status, husband’s smoking during pregnancy, maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy, absence of a pregnancy counselor, and lack of participation in local events for childrearing were significantly associated with maternal smoking behavior during pregnancy at the individual level. Meanwhile, a high unemployment rate and a high number of nurseries were significantly associated with maternal smoking behavior during pregnancy at the regional level. In conclusion, we showed the relation between maternal smoking during pregnancy and the individual- and regional-level characteristics.

Keywords: smoking; cigarettes; pregnancy; social capital; Healthy Parents and Children 21; Japan (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
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