Comparisons of Dipstick Test, Urine Protein-to-Creatine Ratio, and Total Protein Measurement for the Diagnosis of Preeclampsia

Katarzyna Stefańska, Maciej Zieliński, Dorota Zamkowska, Przemysław Adamski, Joanna Jassem-Bobowicz, Karolina Piekarska, Martyna Jankowiak, Katarzyna Leszczyńska, Renata Świątkowska-Stodulska, Krzysztof Preis, Piotr Trzonkowski and Natalia Marek-Trzonkowska
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Katarzyna Stefańska: Department of Obstetrics, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
Maciej Zieliński: Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
Dorota Zamkowska: Department of Obstetrics, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
Przemysław Adamski: Department of Obstetrics, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
Joanna Jassem-Bobowicz: Department of Neonatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
Karolina Piekarska: Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
Martyna Jankowiak: Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
Katarzyna Leszczyńska: Department of Obstetrics, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
Renata Świątkowska-Stodulska: Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
Krzysztof Preis: Department of Obstetrics, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
Piotr Trzonkowski: Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland
Natalia Marek-Trzonkowska: Cancer Immunology Group, International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science, University of Gdansk, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 12, 1-9

Abstract: Preeclampsia affects 2–5% of pregnant women and is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. We aimed to extensively evaluate proteinuria in women with preeclampsia and to determine the analytical sensitivity and specificity of and the cutoff values for urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) and total protein in 24 h urine samples. This study included 88 women. We used the urine dipstick test, UPCR, and total protein measurement in a 24 h urine sample. The patients were divided in gestational hypertension (GH, n = 44) and preeclampsia (PE, n = 44) groups. In the GH group, 25% (11/44) of the patients presented incidentally positive results. UPCR and total protein in 24 h urine specimens were increased in the GH group compared to the PE group. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed a UPCR cutoff of 30 mg/mmol as significant for preeclampsia, while the sensitivity and specificity were 89% (95% CI, 75–97) and 100% (95% CI, 87–100), respectively. In the 24 h urine protein test, sensitivity and specificity were 80% (95% CI, 61–92) and 100% (95% CI, 88–100), respectively, for the cutoff value of 0.26 g/24 h. In comparison to the other commonly used tests here considered, UPCR determination is a reliable, relatively faster, and equally accurate method for the quantitation of proteinuria, correlates well with 24 h urine protein estimations, and could be used as an alternative to the 24 h proteinuria test for the diagnosis of preeclampsia.

Keywords: preeclampsia; gestational hypertension; pregnancy; urine protein-to-creatinine ratio; proteinuria; 24 h urine sample (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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