Bed Bugs (Hemiptera, Cimicidae): Overview of Classification, Evolution and Dispersion

Mohammad Akhoundi, Denis Sereno, Remy Durand, Asad Mirzaei, Christiane Bruel, Pascal Delaunay, Pierre Marty and Arezki Izri
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Mohammad Akhoundi: Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, 93000 Bobigny, France
Denis Sereno: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier University, MIVEGEC, 34032 Montpellier, France
Remy Durand: Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, 93000 Bobigny, France
Asad Mirzaei: Parasitology Department, Paramedical School, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, 6931851147 Ilam, Iran
Christiane Bruel: Agence Régionale de Santé (ARS) Île-de-France, 75935 Paris 19, France
Pascal Delaunay: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier University, MIVEGEC, 34032 Montpellier, France
Pierre Marty: Service Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), 06202 Nice, France
Arezki Izri: Parasitology-Mycology Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, 93000 Bobigny, France

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 12, 1-20

Abstract: The bed bugs ( Cimex lectularius and C. hemipterus ) have undergone a significant resurgence worldwide since the 1990s. A compilation of findings from a database, including 2650 scientific publications from seven major medical databases, allowed us to document main evolutionary events, from fossil evidence, dating from 11,000 years ago, until the present that has led to the current worldwide expansion of Cimicid species. We present the hypotheses on the possible dispersion pathways of bed bugs in light of the major historical and evolutionary events. A detailed classification of the Cimicidae family and finally, an illustrative map displaying the current distribution of known Cimex species in each geographical ecozone of Asia, Europe, Africa, the Americas, and Australia are presented.

Keywords: Ectoparasite; Fossil; Evolution; Dispersion; C. lectularius; C. hemipterus (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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