Coital Frequency and the Probability of Pregnancy in Couples Trying to Conceive Their First Child: A Prospective Cohort Study in Japan

Shoko Konishi, Tomoko T. Saotome, Keiko Shimizu, Mari S. Oba and Kathleen A. O’Connor
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Shoko Konishi: Department of Human Ecology, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
Tomoko T. Saotome: Interdisciplinary Advanced Medical Research Laboratory, Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, Kyoto 606-8225, Japan
Keiko Shimizu: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Japan
Mari S. Oba: Department of Medical Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan
Kathleen A. O’Connor: Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 14, 1-11

Abstract: Background : Low fertility persists but remains unexplained in Japan. We examined whether the probability of pregnancy was influenced by coital frequency, age, reproductive age (assessed by antimüllerian hormone, AMH), and BMI. Methods: We established a two-year prospective study with a sample of hormonally monitored Japanese women aged 23–34 years wanting to conceive their first child. For a maximum of 24 weeks participants recorded menstrual bleeding, sexual intercourse, ovulation, and pregnancy. Additional information on pregnancy and infertility treatment was collected one and two years after intake. Results: The natural conception rate and coital frequency were both low in this sample. Among 80 participants, 44% (35) naturally conceived in 24 weeks. After two years, 74% (59) of women had delivered or were currently pregnant, 50% (40) due to natural and 24% (19) due to assisted conception, and 5% (4) were lost to follow-up. By two years, 56% (45) of women had sought fertility treatment. In 18% (58/319) of the observed ovarian cycles across 24 weeks there was no intercourse in a fertile period. Higher coital frequency at intake was associated with increased probability of conception by 24 weeks of follow-up (OR 1.23, 95%CI 1.02, 1.47). Chronological age, reproductive age, and BMI were not associated with the probability of pregnancy at 24 weeks. Conclusions: Our results suggest that first, natural conception rates could potentially increase with more frequent and well timed intercourse, and second that further work is needed to understand why even in a motivated sample of women monitoring their fertile periods, both the conception and coitus rates were low.

Keywords: antimüllerian hormone; Asia; fertility; hCG test; infertility; LH test; sexual behavior; time-to-pregnancy; urinary estrogen; urinary progesterone (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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