How Do Combustion and Non-Combustion Products Used Outdoors Affect Outdoor and Indoor Particulate Matter Levels? A Field Evaluation Near the Entrance of an Italian University Library

Vittoria Cammalleri, Daniela Marotta, Carmela Protano, Matteo Vitali, Paolo Villari, Maria Sofia Cattaruzza and on behalf of the Smoke-free Department Working Group
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Vittoria Cammalleri: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
Daniela Marotta: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
Carmela Protano: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
Matteo Vitali: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
Paolo Villari: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
Maria Sofia Cattaruzza: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
on behalf of the Smoke-free Department Working Group: Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 14, 1-15

Abstract: Particulate Matter (PM) is a well-known health risk factor and pollutes both outdoor and indoor air. Using PM as an air pollution indicator, the aims were to assess outdoor and indoor air pollution due to combustion and/or non-combustion products used outdoors and to compare the PM levels emitted by different products. PM with an aerodynamic diameter ?10, 4, 2.5 and 1 µm (PM 10 , PM 4 , PM 2.5 , PM 1 ) was simultaneously measured in two areas, respectively, indoors (with smoking ban) and outdoors (where people commonly smoke) of a university library during the morning and the afternoon of two weekdays. Both combustion and non-combustion products determined a relevant worsening of outdoor air quality, with the highest PM 1 levels achieved when a single traditional cigarette (9920 µg m ?3 ), a single e-cigarette (9810 µg m ?3 ) and three simultaneous traditional cigarettes (8700 µg m ?3 ) were smoked. An increase of indoor PM 1 levels was found during outdoor smoking/vaping sessions, persisting also after the end of sessions. The results highlighted the need for a revision of smoke-free laws, especially for outdoor areas, to include non-combustion products. In addition, it is essential to make society aware of the dangers of smoking outdoors by implementing health promotion interventions.

Keywords: tobacco smoking; air pollution; particulate matter; conventional cigarettes; electronic cigarettes; heat-not-burn tobacco products (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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