Association of Carboxyhemoglobin Levels with Peripheral Arterial Disease in Chronic Smokers Managed at Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital

Mashudu Nemukula, Motetelo Alfred Mogale, Honey Bridget Mkhondo and Lizette Bekker
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Mashudu Nemukula: Department of Biochemistry, School of Science and Technology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
Motetelo Alfred Mogale: Department of Biochemistry, School of Science and Technology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa
Honey Bridget Mkhondo: Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, School of Health Care Sciences, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0727, South Africa
Lizette Bekker: Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Medicine, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0208, South Africa

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 15, 1-7

Abstract: Chronic cigarette smokers (CCS) are known to have elevated levels of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb). However, it is not known whether increased levels of COHb are associated with endothelial dysfunction (ED), and therefore the development of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The aim of the study was to investigate the association of blood COHb and plasma nitric oxide (NO) levels, and whether it is an independent risk factor in the development of PAD among CCS at Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital (DGMAH). A sample of 120 CCS with PAD and a convenience sample of 100 CCS without PAD were recruited into the study. Blood COHb levels were measured using the ABL 90 FLEX CO-oximeter automated spectroscopy. Plasma nitric oxide (NO) levels were measure using ELISA. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association of blood COHb and plasma NO with PAD. Blood COHb levels of CCS with PAD were significantly higher than those of CCS without PAD, and the NO levels of CCS with PAD were significantly lower than those of CCS without PAD. Although both the blood COHb and plasma NO in CCS were significantly associated with PAD in bivariate logistic analysis, only plasma NO was independently associated with PAD in multivariate logistic analysis. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that COHb is a cause of arterial damage in PAD, leading to reduced NO, and therefore reduced arterial dilation.

Keywords: chronic cigarette smokers; carboxyhemoglobin; nitric oxide; endothelial dysfunction; peripheral arterial disease (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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