Estimated 24 h Urinary Sodium-to-Potassium Ratio Is Related to Renal Function Decline: A 6-Year Cohort Study of Japanese Urban Residents

Hiroko Hattori, Aya Hirata, Sachimi Kubo, Yoko Nishida, Miki Nozawa, Kuniko Kawamura, Takumi Hirata, Yoshimi Kubota, Mizuki Sata, Kazuyo Kuwabara, Aya Higashiyama, Aya Kadota, Daisuke Sugiyama, Naomi Miyamatsu, Yoshihiro Miyamoto and Tomonori Okamura
Additional contact information
Hiroko Hattori: Graduate School of Health management, Keio University, Kanagawa 252-0883, Japan
Aya Hirata: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
Sachimi Kubo: Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
Yoko Nishida: Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
Miki Nozawa: Japan Health Insurance Association, Saitama 330-8686, Japan
Kuniko Kawamura: Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
Takumi Hirata: Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
Yoshimi Kubota: Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
Mizuki Sata: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
Kazuyo Kuwabara: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
Aya Higashiyama: Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
Aya Kadota: Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
Daisuke Sugiyama: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
Naomi Miyamatsu: Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
Yoshihiro Miyamoto: Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
Tomonori Okamura: Graduate School of Health management, Keio University, Kanagawa 252-0883, Japan

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 16, 1-12

Abstract: The effect of the sodium-to-potassium ratio (Na/K) on renal function within the clinically normal range of renal function are limited. We investigated the effects of an estimated 24 h urinary Na/K (e24hUNa/K) on a 6-year renal function decline among 927 urban Japanese community dwellers with no history of cardiovascular diseases and medication for hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia. We partitioned the subjects into quartiles according to the e24hUNa/K. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD/EPI) formula and renal function decline was defined as an absolute value at or above the third quartile of the eGFR decline rate. A multivariable logistic regression model was used for estimation. Compared with the first quartile of the e24hUNa/K, multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for eGFR decline in the second, third, and fourth quartiles were 0.96 (95% confidence interval: 0.61–1.51), 1.06 (0.67–1.66), and 1.65 (1.06–2.57), respectively. These results were similar when the simple spot urine Na/K ratio was used in place of the e24hUNa/K. Apparently healthy urban residents with an almost within normal range mean baseline eGFR and high e24hUNa/K ratios had an increased risk for a future decline in renal function. Reducing the Na/K ratio may be important in the prevention of chronic kidney disease in its early stage.

Keywords: urinary sodium-potassium ratio; urinary sodium; estimated GFR; renal function (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/16/5811/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/16/5811/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:16:p:5811-:d:397533

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().