Prenatal Fine Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) Exposure and Pregnancy Outcomes—Analysis of Term Pregnancies in Poland

Cezary Wojtyla, Karolina Zielinska, Paulina Wojtyla-Buciora and Grzegorz Panek
Additional contact information
Cezary Wojtyla: Department of Oncologic Gynecology and Obstetrics, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 231 Czerniakowska St., 00-416 Warsaw, Poland
Karolina Zielinska: Department of Oncologic Gynecology and Obstetrics, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 231 Czerniakowska St., 00-416 Warsaw, Poland
Paulina Wojtyla-Buciora: Faculty of Health Sciences, State University of Applied Sciences, 16 Kaszubska St., 62-800 Kalisz, Poland
Grzegorz Panek: Department of Oncologic Gynecology and Obstetrics, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 231 Czerniakowska St., 00-416 Warsaw, Poland

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 16, 1-9

Abstract: Air pollution is currently one of the greatest threats to global health. Polish cities are among the most heavily polluted in Europe. Due to air pollution 43,100 people die prematurely in Poland every year. However, these data do not take into account the health consequences of air pollution for unborn children. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the fine particulate matter air pollution (less than 2.5 μm in diameter) on pregnancy outcomes. An analysis of pregnant women and their children was made using a questionnaire survey from a nationwide study conducted in 2017. Questionnaires from 1095 pregnant women and data from their medical records were collected. An analysis of air pollution in Poland was conducted using the air quality database maintained by the Chief Inspectorate for Environmental Protection in Poland. A higher concentration of PM 2.5 was associated with a decrease in birth weight and a higher risk of low birthweight (i.e., <2500 g). We also observed lower APGAR scores. Thus, all possible efforts to reduce air pollution are critically needed.

Keywords: air pollution; pregnancy; PM 2.5; pregnancy outcomes (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/16/5820/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/16/5820/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:16:p:5820-:d:397634

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().