An Electromyographic Analysis of Lateral Raise Variations and Frontal Raise in Competitive Bodybuilders

Giuseppe Coratella, Gianpaolo Tornatore, Stefano Longo, Fabio Esposito and Emiliano Cè
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Giuseppe Coratella: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
Gianpaolo Tornatore: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
Stefano Longo: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
Fabio Esposito: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
Emiliano Cè: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 17, 1-12

Abstract: The present study examined the muscle activation in lateral raise with humerus rotated externally (LR-external), neutrally (LR-neutral), internally (LR-internal), with flexed elbow (LR-flexed) and frontal raise during both the concentric and eccentric phase. Ten competitive bodybuilders performed the exercises. Normalized surface electromyographic root mean square (sEMG RMS) was obtained from anterior , medial , and posterior deltoid , pectoralis major , upper trapezius , and triceps brachii . During the concentric phase, anterior deltoid and posterior deltoid showed greater sEMG RMS in frontal raise (effect size (ES)-range: 1.78/9.25)) and LR-internal (ES-range: 10.79/21.34), respectively, vs. all other exercises. Medial deltoid showed greater sEMG RMS in LR-neutral than LR-external (ES: 1.47 (95% confidence-interval—CI: 0.43/2.38)), frontal raise (ES: 10.28(95% CI: 6.67/13.01)), and LR-flexed (ES: 6.41(95% CI: 4.04/8.23)). Pectoralis major showed greater sEMG RMS in frontal raise vs. all other exercises (ES-range: 17.2/29.5), while upper trapezius (ES-range: 2.66/7.18) and triceps brachii (ES-range: 0.41/3.31) showed greater sEMG RMS in LR-internal vs. all other exercises. Similar recruitment patterns were found during the eccentric phase. When humerus rotates internally, greater activation of posterior deltoid , triceps brachii , and upper trapezius occurs. Humerus external rotation increases the activation of anterior and medial deltoid. Frontal raise mainly activates anterior deltoid and pectoralis major . LR variations and frontal raise activate specifically shoulders muscles and should be proposed accordingly.

Keywords: muscle; EMG; deltoid; pectoralis major; upper trapezius; triceps brachii; resistance training; strength exercise (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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