Immobilization of Cr(VI) in Soil Using a Montmorillonite-Supported Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Stabilized Iron Sulfide Composite: Effectiveness and Biotoxicity Assessment

Dading Zhang, Yanqiu Xu, Xiaofei Li, Zhenhai Liu, Lina Wang, Chaojun Lu, Xuwen He, Yan Ma and Dexun Zou
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Dading Zhang: School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
Yanqiu Xu: School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
Xiaofei Li: College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
Zhenhai Liu: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
Lina Wang: School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
Chaojun Lu: Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
Xuwen He: School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
Yan Ma: School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
Dexun Zou: College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 17, 1-17

Abstract: A novel composite of montmorillonite-supported carboxymethyl cellulose-stabilized nanoscale iron sulfide (CMC@MMT-FeS), prepared using the co-precipitation method, was applied to remediate hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI))-contaminated soil. Cr(VI)-removal capacity increased with increasing FeS-particle loading. We tested the efficacy of CMC@MMT-FeS at three concentrations of FeS: 0.2, 0.5, and 1 mmol/g, hereafter referred to as 0.2 CMC@MMT-FeS, 0.5 CMC@MMT-FeS, and 1.0 CMC@MMT-FeS, respectively. The soil Cr(VI) concentration decreased by 90.7% (from an initial concentration of 424.6 to 39.4 mg/kg) after 30 days, following addition of 5% (composite–soil mass proportion) 1.0 CMC@MMT-FeS. When 2% 0.5 CMC@MMT-FeS was added to Cr(VI)-contaminated soil, the Cr(VI) removal efficiency, as measured in the leaching solution using the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, was 90.3%, meeting the environmental protection standard for hazardous waste (5 mg/kg). The European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) test confirmed that the main Cr fractions in the soil samples changed from acid-exchangeable fractions to oxidable fractions and residual fractions after 30 days of soil remediation by the composite. Moreover, the main complex formed during remediation was Fe(III)–Cr(III), based on BCR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. Biotoxicity of the remediated soils, using Vicia faba and Eisenia foetida , was analyzed and evaluated. Our results indicate that CMC@MMT-FeS effectively immobilizes Cr(VI), with widespread potential application in Cr(VI)-contaminated soil remediation.

Keywords: potential toxic metal contamination; CMC@MMT-FeS; soil remediation; BCR test; toxicity characteristic leaching procedure; biotoxicity assessment (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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