Poor Oral Hygiene and High Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines in Saliva Predict the Risk of Overweight and Obesity

Kacper Nijakowski, Anna Lehmann, Rafał Rutkowski, Katarzyna Korybalska, Janusz Witowski and Anna Surdacka
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Kacper Nijakowski: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
Anna Lehmann: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
Rafał Rutkowski: Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
Katarzyna Korybalska: Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
Janusz Witowski: Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
Anna Surdacka: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 17, 1-10

Abstract: The study aimed to determine if oral hygiene influences not only oral health but also potentially metabolic disorders such as overweight or obesity. Participants were 94 patients: 40 with increased body mass and 54 with normal body mass. The methods included dental examination, a questionnaire concerning hygienic habits and an assessment of selected salivary inflammatory markers. The new parameter named “cleaning index” (describing the interaction between average time of tooth brushing in minutes and its frequency per day) significantly correlated with Body Mass Index (R Spearman = 0.300). The multivariate regression model incorporating cleaning index, approximal plaque index, receptor 1 for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα-R1) and interleukin-15 (IL-15) had a high power to predict overweight or obesity (AUC = 0.894). Patients with poor oral hygiene (approximal plaque index >40%) were more than eight times more likely to suffer from obesity than patients with good oral hygiene. Cleaning index higher than 4 decreased the odds by about 85%. Oral hygiene habits, adjusted by salivary concentrations of selected inflammatory markers may allow predicting effectively overweight or obesity risk. Early proper dental prophylaxis and treatment could lead to the better prevention of metabolic disorders.

Keywords: obesity; oral health; oral hygiene (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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