Gender-Related Differences in Mechanics of the Sprint Start and Sprint Acceleration of Top National-Level Sprinters

Dragan M. Mirkov, Olivera M. Knezevic, Amador Garcia-Ramos, Milan Čoh and Nejc Šarabon
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Dragan M. Mirkov: Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Olivera M. Knezevic: Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Amador Garcia-Ramos: Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 4090541 Granada, Spain
Milan Čoh: Faculty of Sport, Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Nejc Šarabon: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 18, 1-11

Abstract: (1) Background: Within the current study we aimed at exploring gender-related differences and the relationship between sprint start block kinematics and kinetics and sprint acceleration force–velocity (F-v) relationship parameters (maximal force [F0], maximal velocity [v0], maximal power [Pmax] and slope) in top national-level sprinters. (2) Methods: Twenty-eight sprinters (6 females) performed 10 maximal 30-m sprints. Start block and acceleration kinematics and kinetics were collected with an instrumented sprint start block and a laser distance sensor (KiSprint system). Displacement-time data were used to determine the F-v relationship through Samozino’s method. (3) Results: Start block rear foot maximal force (effect size [ES] = 1.08), rate of force development (ES = 0.90–1.33), F 0 (ES = 1.38), v 0 (ES = 1.83) and P max (ES = 1.95) were higher in males than in females ( p ≤ 0.05). There were no differences in the slope, and ratio of horizontal-to-resultant force. F 0 , v 0 , and P max generally presented higher correlations with the start block kinetics (median r [range] = 0.49 [0.28, 0.78]) than with the kinematics (median r [range] = −0.27 [−0.52, 0.28]). (4) Conclusions: We confirmed that sprint block phase and sprint acceleration mechanics should be mutually assessed when analyzing sprinting performance. KiSprint system could provide more accurate information regarding mechanical pattern and technique during sprint initiation and acceleration, and potentially help create a more personalized and effective training program.

Keywords: force–velocity relationship; force platform; kinematics; kinetics; track-and-field (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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