Bioremediation of Crude Oil by Rhizosphere Fungal Isolates in the Presence of Silver Nanoparticles

Mayasar I. Al-Zaban, Mohamed A. Mahmoud, Maha A. AlHarbi and Aisha M. Bahatheq
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Mayasar I. Al-Zaban: Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
Mohamed A. Mahmoud: Molecular Markers Laboratory, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
Maha A. AlHarbi: Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
Aisha M. Bahatheq: Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 18, 1-15

Abstract: Background: This research work focuses on the utilization of indigenous fungi for in situ bioremediation of crude oil in the presence of silver nanoparticles. Methods: Two fungi belonging to two different genera showed promising crude oil-degrading abilities. Fungal isolates were identified based on internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequence analysis. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the crude oil remaining in the culture medium after seven days was performed. The response surface method (RSM) designed by Box-Behnken was used to establish a mathematical model. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers were used to examine the genetic variation of fungal isolates. Results: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis after seven days showed that the optimum biodegradation of crude oil was 57.8%. The crude oil degradation rate was significantly affected by a temperature of 30 °C, pH value of 7, crude oil concentration of 4 g/L, a 1:1 ratio between A. flavus AF15 and T. harzianum TH07, and an silver nanoparticle (AgNP) concentration of 0.05 g. Molecular characterization in fungal isolates is extremely valuable when using ISSR markers. Conclusions: Two fungal isolates showed promising crude oil-degrading abilities with positive effect of low concentrations of AgNPs on biodegradation. RSM is an efficient mathematical method to optimize the microbial biodegradation of crude oil.

Keywords: biodegradation; crude oil; fungi; nanoparticles; response surface method; ISSR marker (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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