Improvement of Periodontal Parameters with the Sole Use of Free Gingival Grafts in Orthodontic Patients: Correlation with Periodontal Indices. A 15-Month Clinical Study

Marco Orsini, Dunia Benlloch, Juan José Aranda Macera, Karina Flores, José-Vicente Ríos-Santos, Francisco Javier Pedruelo, Blanca Ríos-Carrasco and Massimo di Cesare
Additional contact information
Marco Orsini: Private Practice Via Baldassarre Nardis, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
Dunia Benlloch: Private Practice Via Baldassarre Nardis, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
Juan José Aranda Macera: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Karina Flores: Private Practice Plaza Reyes Magos 10, 28007 Madrid, Spain
José-Vicente Ríos-Santos: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
Francisco Javier Pedruelo: Private Practice Calle Pasiòn, 13, 47001 Valladolid, Spain
Blanca Ríos-Carrasco: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain
Massimo di Cesare: Private Practice Via Patini, 67039 Sulmona, Italy

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 18, 1-11

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in periodontal parameters solely using free gingival grafts during orthodontic treatment without any oral hygiene re-enforcement. Methods: A total of 19 patients underwent periodontal examination before orthodontic treatment. Patients received oral hygiene instruction and professional hygiene therapy. Where needed; full periodontal treatment was completed. Only periodontally stable patients were included in the study. Periodontal indices and keratinized tissue were recorded at time 0 (T0) (delivery of orthodontic appliances), and at three months (T1) during orthodontic therapy; when surgery was performed. At T1; orthodontically treated sites with minimum keratinized tissue (≤1 mm) received a free gingival graft to enhance the band of keratinized tissue. At three months after surgery (T2), new measurements were recorded. The orthodontics-treated sites after three months (T1) were used as control. The same sites were used as a test three months after mucogingival correction (T2). Between T1 and T2; orthodontics was suspended; no professional oral hygiene was performed; and no additional oral hygiene instructions were given to the patient. No oral hygiene procedures were administered for 15 months (T3), when the final recordings were taken. Results: The results showed that there was a worsening of gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PI) of the treated sites between T0 and T1 during initial orthodontics treatment; whereas there was an improvement of the gingival inflammation at T2 when compared with T1. At T2; there was also a statistically significant improvement in GI and PI compared with T0. A T3 improvement in periodontal parameters was sustained. A non-parametric test (Wilcoxon signed-rank test) was used for statistical analysis. Conclusions: Augmentation of the width of keratinized gingiva; as the sole treatment; favors the improvement of GI and PI during orthodontic therapy.

Keywords: gingival grafts; orthodontics; periodontal index; free gingival grafts (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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