Organophosphorus Flame Retardants: A Global Review of Indoor Contamination and Human Exposure in Europe and Epidemiological Evidence

Zohra Chupeau, Nathalie Bonvallot, Fabien Mercier, Barbara Le Bot, Cecile Chevrier and Philippe Glorennec
Additional contact information
Zohra Chupeau: INSERM—Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-75000 Paris, France
Nathalie Bonvallot: IRSET—Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, UMR1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
Fabien Mercier: IRSET—Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, UMR1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
Barbara Le Bot: IRSET—Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, UMR1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
Cecile Chevrier: INSERM—Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-75000 Paris, France
Philippe Glorennec: IRSET—Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail, UMR1085, F-35000 Rennes, France

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 18, 1-22

Abstract: We aimed to identify high-priority organophosphorus flame retardants for action and research. We thus critically reviewed literature between 2000 and 2019 investigating organophosphorus flame retardants’ presence indoors and human exposure in Europe, as well as epidemiological evidence of human effects. The most concentrated compounds indoors were tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate (TBOEP), tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TCIPP), tris(2,3-dichloropropyl)phosphate (TDCIPP). TBOEP and TCIPP were the most consistently detected compounds in humans’ urine, hair or breast milk as well as tris (butyl) phosphate (TNBP) and tris (phenyl) phosphate (TPHP). Notably, epidemiological evidence concerned reprotoxicity, neurotoxicity, respiratory effects and eczema risk for TDCIPP, eczema increase for TBOEP, and neurodevelopmental outcomes for Isopropylated triarylphosphate isomers (ITPs). Given the ubiquitous presence indoors and the prevalence of exposure, the growing health concern seems justified. TDCIPP and TPHP seem to be of particular concern due to a high prevalence of exposure and epidemiological evidence. TBOEP and TNBP require epidemiological studies regarding outcomes other than respiratory or dermal ones.

Keywords: environmental health; indoor air quality; epidemiology; biomonitoring; chemical safety; organophosphate ester (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/18/6713/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/18/6713/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:18:p:6713-:d:413786

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().