Is Fear of Harm (FoH) in Sports-Related Activities a Latent Trait? The Item Response Model Applied to the Photographic Series of Sports Activities for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture (PHOSA-ACLR)

Wim van Lankveld, Ron J. Pat-El, Nicky van Melick, Robert van Cingel and J. Bart Staal
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Wim van Lankveld: Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, HAN University of Applied Sciences, 6503 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Ron J. Pat-El: Department of Methods and Statistics, Open University of The Netherlands, 6401 DL Heerlen, The Netherlands
Nicky van Melick: Knee Expert Center Company Eindhoven, 5624 EB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Robert van Cingel: Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, IQ Healthcare, University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
J. Bart Staal: Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, HAN University of Applied Sciences, 6503 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 18, 1-13

Abstract: Background : Fear of Harm (FoH) predicts return to sports in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR) and can be assessed using the Photographic Sports Activities for ACLR (PHOSA-ACLR). This study was conducted to determine whether FoH assessed using the PHOSA-ACLR is a latent trait, and to analyze differences in PHOSA-ACLR in athletes with or without an ACL rupture. Methods : Three convenience samples completed the PHOSA-ACLR: (1) ACLR patients ( n = 58; mean age 25.9 years; range 17–56; SD = 8.2; 43% male); (2) first year Physical Therapy (PT) students ( n = 169; mean age = 19.2; SD = 2.0; 48% male), and (3) junior football players ( n = 30; mean age = 18.3; range 17–20; SD = 3.2; 94% males). ACLR patients additionally reported functioning and Fear of Movement. PHOSA-ACLR items were analyzed with Item Response Theory using the Graded Response Model (GRM). Differences between three groups of participants were analyzed using Univariate Analysis of Variance. Results : Data fitted the two-parameter GRM, and therefore the items of the PHOSA-ACLR constitute a latent trait. There was a significant difference between the three groups in PHOSA-ACLR after controlling for age and gender (F (2, 255) = 17.1, p < 0.001). PT students reported higher levels of FoH compared to either ACLR patients or healthy soccer players. Conclusions: PHOSA-ACLR items constitute a latent trait of FoH for ACLR-specific movements. Contrary to expectations, PHOSA-ACLR is higher in first year physiotherapy students compared to patients rehabilitating from ACLR, and healthy junior soccer players.

Keywords: anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR); kinesiophobia; fear of harm/movement/injury; validation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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