Correlation between Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Abnormalities and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Aida Kalok, Ming Yean Ong, Aqilah Hasrori, Ker Shing Chiang, Fatin Yazim, Salahuddin Baharuddin, Rahana Abdul Rahman, Shamsul Azhar Shah, Nor Haslinda Abd Aziz, Shuhaila Ahmad and Nor Azlin Mohamed Ismail
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Aida Kalok: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Ming Yean Ong: Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Aqilah Hasrori: Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Ker Shing Chiang: Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Fatin Yazim: Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Salahuddin Baharuddin: Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Rahana Abdul Rahman: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Shamsul Azhar Shah: Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Nor Haslinda Abd Aziz: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Shuhaila Ahmad: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Nor Azlin Mohamed Ismail: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 19, 1-10

Abstract: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with maternal and neonatal complications. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between the abnormalities of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and adverse pregnancy outcomes. This was a retrospective study of GDM patients over a five-year period in a Malaysian tertiary center. The diagnosis of GDM was based on the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guideline. The data on patients’ demographics, OGTT results, GDM treatment, and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed. A total of 1105 women were included in the final analysis. The percentage of women with isolated abnormal fasting glucose, isolated two-hour abnormality, and both abnormal values were 4.8%, 87.1%, and 8.1%, respectively. Women with both OGTT abnormalities had a higher risk of preeclampsia (odds ratio (OR) 4.73; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.45–15.41) and neonatal hypoglycemia (OR 8.78; 95% CI 1.93–39.88). Isolated postprandial abnormality was associated with an 80% lesser risk of neonatal hypoglycemia (OR 0.19; 95% CI 0.04–0.87). Both isolated fasting and multiple OGTT abnormalities were associated with insulin therapy. Multiple OGTT abnormalities were a positive predictor of adverse pregnancy outcomes, while isolated postprandial abnormality was associated with a lesser risk of neonatal complication. Further prospective study is essential to validate these findings.

Keywords: glucose tolerance test; gestational diabetes; pregnancy outcome (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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