Prevalence, Predictors, and Awareness of Coffee Consumption and Its Trend among Saudi Female Students

Hanan A. Alfawaz, Nasiruddin Khan, Sobhy M. Yakout, Malak N. K. Khattak, Amani A. Alsaikhan, Areej A. Almousa, Taghreed A. Alsuwailem, Taghreed M. Almjlad, Nada A. Alamri, Sahar G. Alshammari and Nasser M. Al-Daghri
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Hanan A. Alfawaz: Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food Science & Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Nasiruddin Khan: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Applied and Health Sciences, A’ Sharqiyah University, Ibra 400, Sultanate of Oman
Sobhy M. Yakout: Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Malak N. K. Khattak: Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Amani A. Alsaikhan: Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food Science & Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Areej A. Almousa: Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food Science & Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Taghreed A. Alsuwailem: Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food Science & Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Taghreed M. Almjlad: Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food Science & Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Nada A. Alamri: Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food Science & Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Sahar G. Alshammari: Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food Science & Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Nasser M. Al-Daghri: Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 19, 1-17

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, trends, and predictors of coffee consumption among Saudi female students and its association with anthropometric and demographic variables. A survey-based study using a face-to-face interview was designed, and 930 (aged 21.5 ± 2.1 years) apparently healthy female students from different departments of King Saud University participated. The prevalence of coffee consumption was significantly higher (88.2%, p < 0.03) in the central Riyadh region. Coffee consumers had significantly higher prevalence of being overweight than non-consumers ( p = 0.02). The frequency of coffee consumption was significantly higher ( p < 0.02) in students who were single and belonged to families with a moderate income level. Coffee consumption was significantly higher among first-year students with a high-scale grade point average (GPA) ( p < 0.001 and p = 0.03, respectively). Increased coffee consumption during exam and stress conditions was associated with unhealthy dietary habits such as using more sugar and spices. The prevalence of coffee consumption was high among Saudi females. High body mass index (BMI) and increased family income level were strong determinants for coffee consumption. Continued nutritional education and awareness about the potential positive and negative health effects of coffee consumption and the importance of food label use should be provided to younger generations in order to correct the wrong perceptions.

Keywords: coffee; BMI; health awareness; academic performance; female students; Saudi Arabia (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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