Monitoring of Water Quality, Antibiotic Residues, and Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli in the Kshipra River in India over a 3-Year Period

Nada Hanna, Manju Purohit, Vishal Diwan, Salesh P. Chandran, Emilia Riggi, Vivek Parashar, Ashok J. Tamhankar and Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg
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Nada Hanna: Department of Global Public Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines Focusing Antibiotics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
Manju Purohit: Department of Global Public Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines Focusing Antibiotics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
Vishal Diwan: Department of Global Public Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines Focusing Antibiotics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
Salesh P. Chandran: HLL Lifecare Ltd., Kharghar Navi, Mumbai 410210, India
Emilia Riggi: SSD Epidemiologia screening—CPO, University Hospital ‘Cittàdella Salute della Scienza’, 10126 Turin, Italy
Vivek Parashar: Department of Public Health and Environment, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456006, India
Ashok J. Tamhankar: Department of Global Public Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines Focusing Antibiotics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg: Department of Global Public Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines Focusing Antibiotics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 21, 1-22

Abstract: The emergence of antibiotic resistance is a major global and environmental health issue, yet the presence of antibiotic residues and resistance in the water and sediment of a river subjected to excessive anthropogenic activities and their relationship with water quality of the river are not well studied. The objectives of the present study were a) to investigate the occurrence of antibiotic residues and antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) in the water and sediment of the Kshipra river in India at seven selected sites during different seasons of the years 2014, 2015, and 2016 and b) to investigate the association between antibiotic residues and antibiotic-resistant E. coli in water and sediment and measured water quality parameters of the river. Antibiotic residues and resistant E. coli were present in the water and sediment and were associated with the measured water quality parameters. Sulfamethoxazole was the most frequently detected antibiotic in water at the highest concentration of 4.66 µg/L and was positively correlated with the water quality parameters. Significant ( p < 0.05) seasonal and spatial variations of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in water and sediment were found. The resistance of E. coli to antibiotics (e.g., sulfamethiazole, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacine, cefotaxime, co-trimoxazole, ceftazidime, meropenem, ampicillin, amikacin, metronidazole, tetracycline, and tigecycline) had varying associations with the measured water and sediment quality parameters. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that regular monitoring and surveillance of water quality, including antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance, of all rivers should be taken up as a key priority, in national and Global Action Plans as these can have implications for the buildup of antibiotic resistance.

Keywords: antibiotic residues; antibiotic-resistant E. coli; water quality; river water and sediment; environmental pollution (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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