Effectiveness of Gas and Chimney Biomass Stoves for Reducing Household Air Pollution Pregnancy Exposure in Guatemala: Sociodemographic Effect Modifiers

Laura M. Grajeda, Lisa M. Thompson, William Arriaga, Eduardo Canuz, Saad B. Omer, Michael Sage, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, Joe P. Bryan and John P. McCracken
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Laura M. Grajeda: Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala
Lisa M. Thompson: Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
William Arriaga: Regional Hospital, Ministry of Public Health Social Assistance of Guatemala, Quetzaltenango 09001, Guatemala
Eduardo Canuz: Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala
Saad B. Omer: Yale Institute for Global Health, Schools of Public Health & Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
Michael Sage: Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner: Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
Joe P. Bryan: Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
John P. McCracken: Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City 01015, Guatemala

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 21, 1-14

Abstract: Household air pollution (HAP) due to solid fuel use during pregnancy is associated with adverse birth outcomes. The real-life effectiveness of clean cooking interventions has been disappointing overall yet variable, but the sociodemographic determinants are not well described. We measured personal 24-h PM 2.5 (particulate matter <2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter) thrice in pregnant women ( n = 218) gravimetrically with Teflon filter, impactor, and personal pump setups. To estimate the effectiveness of owning chimney and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stoves (i.e., proportion of PM 2.5 exposure that would be prevented) and to predict subject-specific typical exposures, we used linear mixed-effects models with log (PM 2.5 ) as dependent variable and random intercept for subject. Median (IQR) personal PM 2.5 in µg/m 3 was 148 (90–249) for open fire, 78 (51–125) for chimney stove, and 55 (34–79) for LPG stoves. Adjusted effectiveness of LPG stoves was greater in women with ≥6 years of education (49% (95% CI: 34, 60)) versus <6 years (26% (95% CI: 5, 42)). In contrast, chimney stove adjusted effectiveness was greater in women with <6 years of education (50% (95% CI: 38, 60)), rural residence (46% (95% CI: 34, 55)) and lowest SES (socio-economic status) quartile (59% (95% CI: 45, 70)) than ≥6 years education (16% (95% CI: 22, 43)), urban (23% (95% CI: −164, 42)) and highest SES quartile (−44% (95% CI: −183, 27)), respectively. A minority of LPG stove owners (12%) and no chimney owner had typical exposure below World Health Organization Air Quality guidelines (35 μg/m 3 ). Although having a cleaner stove alone typically does not lower exposure enough to protect health, understanding sociodemographic determinants of effectiveness may lead to better targeting, implementation, and adoption of interventions.

Keywords: liquefied petroleum gas; biomass chimney stove; particulate matter; PM 2.5; personal exposure; pregnancy; household air pollution (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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