The Night Side of Blood Pressure: Nocturnal Blood Pressure Dipping and Emotional (dys)Regulation

Maria Casagrande, Francesca Favieri, Viviana Langher, Angela Guarino, Enrico Di Pace, Giuseppe Germanò and Giuseppe Forte
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Maria Casagrande: Dipartimento di Psicologia Dinamica e Clinica, Università di Roma “Sapienza”, 00185 Roma, Italy
Francesca Favieri: Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Roma “Sapienza”, 00185 Roma, Italy
Viviana Langher: Dipartimento di Psicologia Dinamica e Clinica, Università di Roma “Sapienza”, 00185 Roma, Italy
Angela Guarino: Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Roma “Sapienza”, 00185 Roma, Italy
Enrico Di Pace: Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Roma “Sapienza”, 00185 Roma, Italy
Giuseppe Germanò: Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Respiratorie, Nefrologiche e Geriatriche, Università di Roma “Sapienza”, 00815 Roma, Italy
Giuseppe Forte: Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Roma “Sapienza”, 00185 Roma, Italy

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 23, 1-11

Abstract: Introduction: The dipping phenomenon is a physiological drop in blood pressure (around 10–20%) during sleep and represents an event related to the circadian blood pressure trend. This phenomenon, in some cases, is characterized by some alterations that can be expressed by an increase (extreme dipping), a decrease (non-dipping), or a reverse (i.e., higher blood pressure during sleep compared to awake state; reverse-dipping) physiological decline of blood pressure. Few studies focused on the association between the circadian variation of blood pressure and psychological variables, although this information could help understanding how psychological characteristics (e.g., emotional regulation or dysregulation) interact with individuals’ physiological processes. Given the association between emotional dysregulation and essential hypertension, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between alexithymia and dipping status in a sample of healthy and hypertensive adults in the absence of other medical conditions. Methods: Two hundred and ten adults took part in the study and were classified, according to ambulatorial blood pressure measure (ABPM), into three groups: dippers ( n = 70), non-dippers ( n = 70), and extreme dippers ( n = 70). The participants completed a socio-demographic and anamnestic interview and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20). Results: The ANOVAs on the TAS-20 subscales showed that the groups differed in the difficulty identifying feelings and difficulty describing feelings. In both the subscales, dippers showed lower scores than non-dippers and extreme dippers. The ANOVA on the global score of TAS-20 confirmed that dippers were less alexithymic than both extreme dippers and non-dippers. Conclusions: This study confirms that some psychological factors, like alexithymia, could represent a characteristic of patients who fail to exhibit an adaptive dipping phenomenon. Moreover, an association between an excessive reduction of BP (extreme dipping) or a lack of the decrease of BP during sleep (non-dipping) and a worse emotional regulation, considering alexithymia construct, was highlighted for the first time, confirming the relevant role of the emotional process in the modulation of an essential psychophysiological process such as the circadian variation of BP.

Keywords: blood pressure; dipping status; anger; ambulatory blood pressure monitor (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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