Investigating the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 among Healthcare Workers: A Meta-Analysis

Kavita Batra, Tejinder Pal Singh, Manoj Sharma, Ravi Batra and Nena Schvaneveldt
Additional contact information
Kavita Batra: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA
Tejinder Pal Singh: Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
Manoj Sharma: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA
Ravi Batra: Department of Information Technology and Testing Center of Excellence, Coforge, Atlanta, GA 30338, USA
Nena Schvaneveldt: Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 23, 1-33

Abstract: Previous meta-analyses were conducted during the initial phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, which utilized a smaller pool of data. The current meta-analysis aims to provide additional (and updated) evidence related to the psychological impact among healthcare workers. The search strategy was developed by a medical librarian and bibliographical databases, including Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus were searched for studies examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological health of healthcare workers. Articles were screened by three reviewers. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed by I 2 statistic. The random-effects model was utilized to obtain the pooled prevalence. A subgroup analysis by region, gender, quality of study, assessment methods, healthcare profession, and exposure was performed. Publication bias was assessed by Funnel plot and Egger linear regression test. Sixty-five studies met the inclusion criteria and the total sample constituted 79,437 participants. The pooled prevalence of anxiety, depression, stress, post-traumatic stress syndrome, insomnia, psychological distress, and burnout was 34.4%, 31.8%, 40.3%, 11.4%, 27.8%, 46.1%, and 37.4% respectively. The subgroup analysis indicated higher anxiety and depression prevalence among females, nurses, and frontline responders than males, doctors, and second-line healthcare workers. This study highlights the need for designing a targeted intervention to improve resilience and foster post-traumatic growth among frontline responders.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-COV-2; psychological; anxiety; depression; stress; post-traumatic stress syndrome; insomnia; burnout; fatigue (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (31)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/23/9096/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/23/9096/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:23:p:9096-:d:457531

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().