Persistence of COVID-19 Symptoms after Recovery in Mexican Population

Carlos E. Galván-Tejada, Cintya Fabiola Herrera-García, Susana Godina-González, Karen E. Villagrana-Bañuelos, Juan Daniel De Luna Amaro, Karla Herrera-García, Carolina Rodríguez-Quiñones, Laura A. Zanella-Calzada, Julio Ramírez-Barranco, Jocelyn L. Ruiz de Avila, Fuensanta Reyes-Escobedo, José M. Celaya-Padilla, Jorge I. Galván-Tejada, Hamurabi Gamboa-Rosales, Mónica Martínez-Acuña, Alberto Cervantes-Villagrana, Bruno Rivas-Santiago and Irma E. Gonzalez-Curiel
Additional contact information
Carlos E. Galván-Tejada: Unidad Académica de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Jardín Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico
Cintya Fabiola Herrera-García: Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Jardín Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico
Susana Godina-González: Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Jardín Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico
Karen E. Villagrana-Bañuelos: Unidad Académica de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Jardín Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico
Juan Daniel De Luna Amaro: Hospital General de Jerez, Zacatecas 99390, Mexico
Karla Herrera-García: Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Jardín Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico
Carolina Rodríguez-Quiñones: Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Jardín Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico
Laura A. Zanella-Calzada: LORIA (INRIA, CNRS, Université de Lorraine), Campus Scientifique BP 239, 54506 Nancy, France
Julio Ramírez-Barranco: Epidemiología y Medicina Preventiva, ISSSTE, Gpe. Zacatecas 98613, Mexico
Jocelyn L. Ruiz de Avila: Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina (CICSaB), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78300, Mexico
Fuensanta Reyes-Escobedo: Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Jardín Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico
José M. Celaya-Padilla: Unidad Académica de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Jardín Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico
Jorge I. Galván-Tejada: Unidad Académica de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Jardín Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico
Hamurabi Gamboa-Rosales: Unidad Académica de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Jardín Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico
Mónica Martínez-Acuña: Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Jardín Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico
Alberto Cervantes-Villagrana: Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Jardín Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico
Bruno Rivas-Santiago: Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, IMSS, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico
Irma E. Gonzalez-Curiel: Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Jardín Juarez 147, Centro, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 24, 1-12

Abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a highly contagious infectious disease that has caused many deaths worldwide. Despite global efforts, it continues to cause great losses, and leaving multiple unknowns that we must resolve in order to face the pandemic more effectively. One of the questions that has arisen recently is what happens, after recovering from COVID-19. For this reason, the objective of this study is to identify the risk of presenting persistent symptoms in recovered from COVID-19. This case-control study was conducted in one state of Mexico. Initially the data were obtained from the participants, through a questionnaire about symptoms that they had at the moment of the interview. Initially were captured the collected data, to make a dataset. After the pre-processed using the R project tool to eliminate outliers or missing data. Obtained finally a total of 219 participants, 141 recovered and 78 controls. It was used confidence level of 90% and a margin of error of 7%. From results it was obtained that all symptoms have an associated risk in those recovered. The relative risk of the selected symptoms in the recovered patients goes from 3 to 22 times, being infinite for the case of dyspnea, due to the fact that there is no control that presents this symptom at the moment of the interview, followed by the nausea and the anosmia with a RR of 8.5. Therefore, public health strategies must be rethought, to treat or rehabilitate, avoiding chronic problems in patients recovered from COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; post-COVID syndrome; recovered from COVID; persistent symptoms (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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