Human Health Risk Assessment by Dietary Intake and Spatial Distribution Pattern of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Dechloran Plus from Selected Cities of Pakistan

Adeel Mahmood, Jabir Hussain Syed, Waseem Raza, Amtul Bari Tabinda, Andleeb Mehmood, Jun Li, Gan Zhang and Mudassar Azam
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Adeel Mahmood: Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, GC Women University, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
Jabir Hussain Syed: Department of Meteorology, COMSATS University, Islamabad Tarlai Kalan, Park Road Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
Waseem Raza: State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Amtul Bari Tabinda: Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Andleeb Mehmood: State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Jun Li: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Gan Zhang: State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Mudassar Azam: Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bio Science Engineering, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 24, 1-12

Abstract: A class of intractable bio accumulative halogenated compounds polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) was studied. Specifically, PBDEs and dechloran plus (DP) contamination in wheat and the assaulted environment—agricultural soil and dust—from metropolitan cities of Pakistan was the focus. The exposure of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) to humans, their probable toxicological impact on health, source apportionment, and the spatial tendency of BFRs were studied. Chromatographic analysis was performed, and concentrations (ng g −1 ) of ΣPBDE and ΣDP in soil, dust, and cereal crops were estimated in a range from 0.63 to 31.70 n.d. to 6.32 and n.d. to 3.47, respectively, and 0.11 to 7.05, n.d. to 4.56 and 0.05 to 4.95, respectively. Data analysis of source apportionment reflected that the existence of solid and e-waste sites, long-range transport, urban and industrial fraction can be the potential source of PBDE and DP pollution. Moreover, potential hazardous risks to human health across the study area via the dietary intake of cereal foods were deemed trifling, and were gauged on the basis of existing toxicological data.

Keywords: PBDEs and DPs; cereal crops; human health hazards; ecological risks; dietary intake (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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