Chemical Characteristics of Atmospheric PM 10 and PM 2.5 at a Rural Site of Lijiang City, China

Yu Liu, Xurui Li, Wan Wang, Baohui Yin, Yuanguan Gao and Xiaoyang Yang
Additional contact information
Yu Liu: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
Xurui Li: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
Wan Wang: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
Baohui Yin: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
Yuanguan Gao: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
Xiaoyang Yang: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 24, 1-16

Abstract: Emissions from biomass burning are very serious in Southeast Asia and South Asia in April. In order to explore the effect of long-range transport of biomass emissions from the Indochina Peninsula in Southwest China during the period of the southeast monsoon season and to find out the main pollution sources in local atmospheric PM 2.5 , a field campaign was conducted from 6–26 April 2011 in Lijiang, China. Twenty-four-hour PM 10 and PM 2.5 filter samples were collected, and inorganic ions, elements, and carbonaceous components (including organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitrated PAHs (NPAHs)) were measured. The monthly mean mass concentrations of particulate matter (PM) were 40.4 and 14.4 μg/m 3 for PM 10 and PM 2.5 , respectively. The monthly mean concentrations of OC and EC in PM 10 were 6.2 and 1.6 μg/m 3 , respectively. The weekly mean concentrations of ∑PAHs and ∑NPAHs were 11.9 ng/m 3 and 289 pg/m 3 , respectively, in atmospheric PM 10 of Lijiang. The diagnostic ratios of PAH and NPAH isomers were used to analyze the sources of PAHs and NPAHs in PM 10 . The ratios of Benz(a)anthracene/(Chrysene+Benz(a)anthracen), Fluoranthene/(Fluoranthene+Pyrene) and Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene/(Benzo(g,h,i)perylene+Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene) were 0.45 ± 0.04, 0.61 ± 0.01, and 0.53 ± 0.03, respectively, indicating the contribution from coal combustion and biomass burning. The 1-nitropyrene/Pyrene (1-NP/Pyr) ratio was 0.004 ± 0.001, suggesting that the contribution to NPAHs mainly came from coal combustion. Sulfate was the most prominent inorganic ionic species, with monthly mean levels of 2.28 and 1.39 μg/m 3 in PM 10 and PM 2.5 , respectively. The monthly mean mass ratios of NO 3 − /SO 4 2− were 0.40 and 0.23 in PM 10 and PM 2.5 , respectively, indicating that the contribution of atmospheric anions from coal combustion sources was much more important than that from other sources. Based on the relatively high SO 4 2− concentrations and low NO 3 − /SO 4 2− ratios, combined with the data analysis of isomer ratios of PAHs and NPAHs, we can conclude that coal combustion, traffic, and dust were the major contributors to local atmospheric PM in Lijiang city, while biomass burning may also have contributed to local atmospheric PM in Lijiang city to some degree.

Keywords: PM 10 and PM 2.5; chemical components; PAHs and NPAHs; biomass burning; long range transport (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/24/9553/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/24/9553/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:24:p:9553-:d:465438

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().