Travel-Related Typhoid Fever: Narrative Review of the Scientific Literature

Narcisa Muresu, Giovanni Sotgiu, Bianca Maria Are, Andrea Cossu, Clementina Cocuzza, Marianna Martinelli, Sergio Babudieri, Riccardo Are, Marco Dettori, Antonio Azara, Laura Saderi and Andrea Piana
Additional contact information
Narcisa Muresu: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
Giovanni Sotgiu: Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
Bianca Maria Are: Hygiene and Preventive Medicine Unit, AOU Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
Andrea Cossu: Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
Clementina Cocuzza: Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
Marianna Martinelli: Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
Sergio Babudieri: Infectious Diseases Department, AOU Sassari, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
Riccardo Are: Infectious Diseases Department, AOU Sassari, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
Marco Dettori: Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
Antonio Azara: Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
Laura Saderi: Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
Andrea Piana: Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 2, 1-12

Abstract: Enteric fever is a foodborne infectious disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi A, B and C. The high incidence in low income countries can increase the risk of disease in travelers coming from high income countries. Pre-travel health advice on hygiene and sanitation practices and vaccines can significantly reduce the risk of acquiring infections. Although the majority of the cases are self-limiting, life-threatening complications can occur. Delayed diagnosis and cases of infections caused by multi-drug resistant strains can complicate the clinical management and affect the prognosis. More international efforts are needed to reduce the burden of disease in low income countries, indirectly reducing the risk of travelers in endemic settings. Surveillance activities can help monitor the epidemiology of cases caused by drug-susceptible and resistant strains.

Keywords: salmonella enterica; typhoid and paratyphoid fever; travelers (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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