The Effects of Low-Energy Moderate-Carbohydrate (MCD) and Mixed (MixD) Diets on Serum Lipid Profiles and Body Composition in Middle-Aged Men: A Randomized Controlled Parallel-Group Clinical Trial

Małgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk, Adam Maszczyk and Petr Stastny
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Małgorzata Magdalena Michalczyk: Institute of Sport Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Mikolowska 72a, Poland
Adam Maszczyk: Institute of Sport Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Mikolowska 72a, Poland
Petr Stastny: Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 4, 1-15

Abstract: Carbohydrate-restricted diets have become very popular due to their numerous health benefits. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of 4 weeks of a well-planned, low-energy moderate-carbohydrate diet (MCD) and a low-energy mixed diet (MixD) on the lipoprotein profile, glucose and C-reactive protein concentrations, body mass, and body composition in middle-aged males. Sixty middle-aged males were randomly assigned to the following groups: hypocaloric MCD (32% carbohydrates, 28% proteins, and 40% fat), hypocaloric MixD (50% carbohydrates, 20% proteins, and 30% fat), and a conventional (control) diet (CD; 48% carbohydrates, 15% proteins, and 37% fat). The participants who were classified into the MCD and MixD groups consumed 20% fewer calories daily than the total daily energy expenditure (TDEE). Baseline and postintervention fasting triacylglycerol (TG), LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (tCh), glucose (Gl), and C-reactive protein were evaluated. Body mass (BM) and body composition changes, including body fat (BF), % body fat (PBF), and muscle mass (MM), were monitored. Compared with MixD and CD, MCD significantly changed the fasting serum concentrations of TG ( p < 0.05), HDL-C ( p < 0.05), LDL-C ( p < 0.05), tCh ( p < 0.05), and glucose ( p < 0.01). Additionally, body fat content (kg and %) was significantly reduced ( p < 0.05) after MCD compared with MixD and CD. After the MixD intervention, BM and MM decreased ( p < 0.05) compared with baseline values. Compared with baseline, after the MixD, BM, MM, tCh, LDL-C, and TG changed significantly. The 4 week low-energy MCD intervention changed lipoproteins, glucose, and body fat to a greater extent than the low-energy MixD. A hypocaloric MCD may be suggested for middle-aged male subjects who want to lose weight by reducing body fat content without compromising muscle mass.

Keywords: carbohydrate-restricted diet; low energy; weight loss; cholesterol; body fat (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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