Affordability Assessment from a Static to Dynamic Concept: A Scenario-Based Assessment of Cardiovascular Medicines

Leila Zarei, Iman Karimzadeh, Najmeh Moradi, Payam Peymani, Sara Asadi and Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar
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Leila Zarei: Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Heath, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
Iman Karimzadeh: Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
Najmeh Moradi: Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, Health Management and Economics Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Payam Peymani: Pharmacoepidemiology, Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Heath, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
Sara Asadi: Clinical Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar: Medicines and Healthcare, Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, HD1 3DH Huddersfield, UK

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 5, 1-19

Abstract: The out-of-pocket payments for prescription medications can impose a financial burden on patients from low- and middle- incomes and who suffer from chronic diseases. The present study aims at evaluating the affordability of cardiovascular disease (CVD) medication in Iran. This includes measuring affordability through World Health Organization/Health Action International (WHO/HAI) methodology. In this method, affordability is characterized as the number of days’ wages of the lowest-paid unskilled government worker. The different medication therapy scenarios are defined in mono-and combination therapy approaches. This method adds on to WHO/HAI methodology to discover new approaches to affordability assessments. The results show the differences in the medicines affordability when different approaches are used in mono-and combination therapy between 6 main sub-therapeutic groups of CVD. It indicates the medicine affordability is not a static concept and it changes dynamically between CVD therapeutic subgroups when it used alone or in combination with other medicines regarding patients’ characteristics and medical conditions. Hypertension and anti-arrhythmia therapeutic groups had the most non-affordability and hyperlipidemia had the most affordable medicines. Therefore, affordability can be considered as a dynamic concept, which not only affected by the medicine price but significantly affected by a patient’s characteristics, the number of medical conditions, and insurance coverage.

Keywords: cardiovascular disease; affordability; scenario-based assessment; medication cost; middle-income countries; health care system (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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