ENAM Gene Variation in Students Exposed to Different Fluoride Concentrations

Denisse Duran-Merino, Nelly Molina-Frechero, Leonor Sánchez-Pérez, Martina Nevárez-Rascón, Rogelio González-González, Omar Tremillo-Maldonado, Diana Cassi and Ronell Bologna-Molina
Additional contact information
Denisse Duran-Merino: Dental Sciences, Autonomous Metropolitan University Xochimilco (UAM), Calzada del Hueso 1100, Mexico City 04900, Mexico
Nelly Molina-Frechero: Department of Health Care, Autonomous Metropolitan University Xochimilco (UAM), Calzada del Hueso 1100, Mexico City 04900, Mexico
Leonor Sánchez-Pérez: Department of Health Care, Autonomous Metropolitan University Xochimilco (UAM), Calzada del Hueso 1100, Mexico City 04900, Mexico
Martina Nevárez-Rascón: School of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Chihuahua (UACH), Chihuahua, Campus I Av. Universidad s/n, Chihuahua 31000, Mexico
Rogelio González-González: Department of Research, School of Dentistry, Juarez University of the State of Durango, Durango (UJED) Predio Canoas s/n, Durango 34000, Mexico
Omar Tremillo-Maldonado: Department of Research, School of Dentistry, Juarez University of the State of Durango, Durango (UJED) Predio Canoas s/n, Durango 34000, Mexico
Diana Cassi: Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Science–University of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy
Ronell Bologna-Molina: Molecular Pathology Area, School of Dentistry, University of the Republic, Uruguay (UDELAR) Montevideo 11600, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 6, 1-8

Abstract: The ENAM gene is important in the formation of tooth enamel; an alteration can affect the lengthening of the crystals, and the thickness in enamel. The objective was to determine the presence of the single nucleotide variant (SNV) rs12640848 of the ENAM gene in students exposed to different concentrations of fluoride. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on students exposed to high concentrations of fluoride in the city of Durango which were divided according to the severity of fluorosis and dental caries. Genotype determination was performed by DNA sequencing. The relationship between the severity of dental fluorosis and the allele distribution was determined by the Fisher’s exact and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Results: Seventy-one students were included for the sequencing. In the different allelic variations, for the normal genotype AA/TT, the control group presented 75%, for the AG/TC variation, 70.8% in the TF ≤ 4 group, 65% in TF ≥ 5, and 16.7% in TF = 0; with respect to GG/CC variation, 12.5% in TF ≤ 4, 22% in TF ≥ 5, and 8.3% in TF = 0 group ( p = 0.000). Conclusion: The ENAM gene showed an association in the population exposed to different concentrations of fluoride.

Keywords: genetic variation; enamelin; dental fluorosis; caries (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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