Effectiveness of Maintenance Immunosuppression Therapies in a Matched-Pair Analysis Cohort of 16 Years of Renal Transplant in the Brazilian National Health System

Rosângela Maria Gomes, Wallace Breno Barbosa, Brian Godman, Juliana de Oliveira Costa, Nélio Gomes Ribeiro Junior, Charles Simão Filho, Mariângela Leal Cherchiglia, Francisco de Assis Acurcio and Augusto Afonso Guerra Júnior
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Rosângela Maria Gomes: Department of Social Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
Wallace Breno Barbosa: Department of Social Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
Brian Godman: Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Strathclyde University, Glasgow G4 ORE, UK
Juliana de Oliveira Costa: SUS Collaborating Centre—Technology Assessment & Excellence in Health, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
Nélio Gomes Ribeiro Junior: SUS Collaborating Centre—Technology Assessment & Excellence in Health, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
Charles Simão Filho: Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
Mariângela Leal Cherchiglia: Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
Francisco de Assis Acurcio: Department of Social Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
Augusto Afonso Guerra Júnior: Department of Social Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 6, 1-15

Abstract: The maintenance of patients with renal transplant typically involves two or more drugs to prevent rejection and prolong graft survival. The calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) are the most commonly recommended medicines in combinations with others. While immunosuppressive treatment regimens are well established, there is insufficient long-term effectiveness data to help guide future management decisions. The study analyzes the effectiveness of treatment regimens containing CNI after renal transplantation during 16 years of follow-up with real-world data from the Brazilian National Health System (SUS). This was a retrospective study of 2318 SUS patients after renal transplantion. Patients were propensity score-matched (1:1) by sex, age, type and year of transplantation. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to estimate the cumulative probabilities of survival. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate factors associated with progression to graft loss. Multivariable analysis, adjusted for diabetes mellitus and race/color, showed a greater risk of graft loss for patients using tacrolimus plus mycophenolate compared to patients treated with cyclosporine plus azathioprine. In conclusion, this Brazilian real-world study, with a long follow-up period using matched analysis for relevant clinical features and the representativeness of the sample, demonstrated improved long-term effectiveness for therapeutic regimens containing cyclosporine plus azathioprine. Consequently, we recommend that protocols and clinical guidelines for renal transplantation should consider the cyclosporine plus azathioprine regimen as a potential first line option, along with others.

Keywords: real-world data; real-world evidence; renal transplantation; immunosuppressants; graft survival; effectiveness; tacrolimus; cyclosporine; clinical epidemiology (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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