Association of Cesarean Birth with Body Mass Index Trajectories in Adolescence

Yunping Zhou, Yanqing Zhang, Yun Sun and Dongfeng Zhang
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Yunping Zhou: School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
Yanqing Zhang: Zibo Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zibo 255026, China
Yun Sun: Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
Dongfeng Zhang: School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 6, 1-9

Abstract: Background: This study aimed to identify patterns of body mass index (BMI) changes in adolescence and to assess whether delivery mode (Cesarean and vaginal delivery) was associated with BMI trajectories. Methods: This study was conducted among 569 adolescents aged 10–15 years that resided in the city of Zibo, China. The height and weight of each participant were repeatedly measured at 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 years. Group based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was used to estimate BMI change trajectories, and multinomial logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the independent association of delivery mode and BMI trajectory classes. Results: Of the 569 participants, 407 (71.5%) were vaginal deliveries and 162 (28.5%) were Cesarean deliveries. Five distinct long-term BMI trajectories were identified: “persistent healthy weight” (57.5%), “persistent underweight” (6.5%), “obesity to healthy weight” (7.8%), “progressive overweight” (10.6%), “progressive obesity” (17.6%). Adjusted multinomial logistic models revealed a twofold increase in risks between ages 10–15 years of “progressive obesity” trajectory (OR = 2.50, 95% CI: 1.42, 4.41) for children born through Cesarean section compared with vaginal birth. Conclusions : Five distinct long-term BMI trajectories were identified during adolescence in our research, and we confirmed that Cesarean birth was significantly increased the risk of “progressive obesity” trajectory but not the “obesity to healthy weight” trajectory.

Keywords: delivery mode; obesity trajectory; adolescence (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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