Neonicotinoids: Spreading, Translocation and Aquatic Toxicity

Mária Mörtl, Ágnes Vehovszky, Szandra Klátyik, Eszter Takács, János Győri and András Székács
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Mária Mörtl: Agro-Environmental Research Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, H-1022 Budapest, Herman O. u. 15, Hungary
Ágnes Vehovszky: Department of Experimental Zoology, Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, H-8237 Tihany POB 35, Hungary
Szandra Klátyik: Agro-Environmental Research Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, H-1022 Budapest, Herman O. u. 15, Hungary
Eszter Takács: Agro-Environmental Research Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, H-1022 Budapest, Herman O. u. 15, Hungary
János Győri: Department of Experimental Zoology, Centre for Ecological Research, Balaton Limnological Institute, H-8237 Tihany POB 35, Hungary
András Székács: Agro-Environmental Research Institute, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, H-1022 Budapest, Herman O. u. 15, Hungary

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 6, 1-24

Abstract: Various environmental and ecotoxicological aspects related to applications of neonicotinoid insecticides are assessed. Dosages of neonicotinoids applied in seed coating materials were determined and are compared to other applications (spray and granule). Environmental levels in soils and affecting factors in translocation are discussed. Excretion of neonicotinoids via guttation from coated maize seeds up to two months upon emergence, as well as cross-contamination of plants emerged from non-coated seeds or weeds nearby have been demonstrated. Contamination of surface waters is discussed in scope of a worldwide review and the environmental fate of the neonicotinoid active ingredients and the formulating surfactant appeared to be mutually affected by each other. Toxicity of neonicotinoid active ingredients and formulations on Daphnia magna completed with some investigations of activity of the detoxifying glutathione S-transferase enzyme demonstrated the modified toxicity due to the formulating agents. Electrophysiological results on identified central neurons of the terrestrial snail Helix pomatia showed acetylcholine antagonist (inhibitory) effects of neonicotinoid insecticide products, but no agonist (ACh-like) effects were recorded. These data also suggested different molecular targets (nicotinergic acetylcholine receptors and acetylcholine esterase enzyme) of neonicotinoids in the snail central nervous system.

Keywords: acetycholine esterase (AChE); Daphnia magna; dosages; glutathione-S-transferase (GST); guttation; mollusk; nAChR; neonicotinoids; neurotoxicity; water pollutant (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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