Association between Blood Heavy Metal Levels and Predicted 10-Year Risk for A First Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular Disease in the General Korean Population

Sungchul Choi, Junhyun Kwon, Pyohyeok Kwon, Changyoon Lee and Sung-In Jang
Additional contact information
Sungchul Choi: Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
Junhyun Kwon: Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; judekwon@yuhs.ac
Pyohyeok Kwon: Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
Changyoon Lee: Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
Sung-In Jang: Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 6, 1-13

Abstract: Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a preventable type of disease, thus, specifying factors that increase the occurrence of this type of disease is needed. Heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) have been suggested as possible factors influencing the development of cardiovascular disease. We aimed to link blood heavy metal levels (Cd, Pb, Hg) with 10-year ASCVD risk scores. Methods: A population of 993 men and 1431 women who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were included. The 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) pooled cohort equations risk prediction model and Korean Risk Prediction Model (KRPM) were used as means for risk prediction. Following multivariate adjustment; blood Cd; Pb; and Hg levels were divided into quartiles for analysis using linear trends estimation and multiple regression models. Results: There was an overall positive trend between blood Cd, Pb, and Hg levels and 10-year ASCVD risk scores; KRPM risk score increasing by quartile for blood Cd (men p < 0.0001, women p = 0.0024), Pb (men p = 0.0097, women p = 0.0330), Hg (men p = 0.0096, women p = 0.0030) rates and pooled cohort equations risk score increasing by quartile for Cd (men p < 0.0001, women p = 0.0034) and Hg (men p = 0.0099, women p = 0.0010) with linear trends. Urban population showed a stronger relationship between blood Cd, Pb, and Hg levels and 10-year ASCVD risk score especially among men with multiple regression analysis. Conclusion: Blood Cd, Pb, and Hg levels are associated with ASCVD risk. Thus, they should be considered while developing preventive measures for ASCVD.

Keywords: blood cadmium levels; blood lead levels; blood mercury levels; 10-year ASCVD risk (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/6/2134/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/6/2134/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:6:p:2134-:d:335958

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().