Tobacco Denormalization Indicator in the Prevalence of Positive Smoker Identity and Its Associated Factors

Mohd Hanief Ahmad, Mohd Ismail Ibrahim, Azriani Ab Rahman, Kamarul Imran Musa, Faridah Mohd Zain, Rehanah Mohd Zain, Ruhaya Hasan, Noraryana Hassan, Imran Ahmad and Nur Suhaila Idris
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Mohd Hanief Ahmad: Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kelantan, Malaysia
Mohd Ismail Ibrahim: Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kelantan, Malaysia
Azriani Ab Rahman: Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kelantan, Malaysia
Kamarul Imran Musa: Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kelantan, Malaysia
Faridah Mohd Zain: Department of Fa and ly Medicine, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kelantan, Malaysia
Rehanah Mohd Zain: School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kelantan, Malaysia
Ruhaya Hasan: School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kelantan, Malaysia
Noraryana Hassan: FCTC and Tobacco Control Unit, Disease Control Division (NCD), Ministry of Health Malaysia, 62590 Putrajaya, Malaysia
Imran Ahmad: Department of Fa and ly Medicine, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kelantan, Malaysia
Nur Suhaila Idris: Department of Fa and ly Medicine, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kelantan, Malaysia

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 7, 1-14

Abstract: Positive smoker identity (PSI) is a construct that evaluates the degree of smokers’ positive thoughts, images and feeling about smoking behavior and culture. PSI encompasses the indicators related to tobacco denormalization strategy, which is one of the four WHO tobacco endgame strategies. PSmoQi is a newly validated instrument which could reliably assess PSI. This study’s objectives were to determine the prevalence of positive smoker identity and its associated factors using PSmoQi. A sample of 253 smokers from government agencies in Kota Bharu City, Malaysia were recruited using invitation letters sent to their head of agencies. Data collection was done in a briefing session voluntary attended by the smokers. Factors associated with PSI were analyzed using Multiple Logistic Regression. The prevalence of smokers with positive smoker identity was 72.3%. Factors associated with positive smoker identity were older age (Adjusted Odds ratio; AOR: 1.042; 95% confident interval; CI: 1.004, 1.081); p = 0.028), higher smoking self-concept scale Malay version (SSCS-M) score (AOR: 1.216; 95% CI: 1.112, 1.329; p < 0.001), higher heaviness index (AOR: 1.002; 95% CI: 1.001, 1.004; p = 0.011) and lower educational attainment (AOR: 0.458; 95% CI: 0.233, 0.900; p = 0.024). This study shows a high prevalence of PSI among smokers from government agencies in Kota Bharu City. Factors such as age, SSCS-M score, heaviness index and educational attainment influenced the level of positive smoker identity in a smoker. The finding would contribute an evidentiary guideline in screening smokers for smoking cessation clinic enrollment to achieve the best interventional outcome, as well as it would provide an objective indicator for tobacco denormalization status in a population.

Keywords: positive smoker identity; prevalence; associated factors; PSmoQi; tobacco denormalization (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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