Development of Osteoporosis Screening Algorithm for Population Aged 50 Years and above in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Shaanthana Subramaniam, Chin-Yi Chan, Ima-Nirwana Soelaiman, Norazlina Mohamed, Norliza Muhammad, Fairus Ahmad, Pei-Yuen Ng, Nor Aini Jamil, Noorazah Abd Aziz and Kok-Yong Chin
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Shaanthana Subramaniam: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
Chin-Yi Chan: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
Ima-Nirwana Soelaiman: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
Norazlina Mohamed: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
Norliza Muhammad: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
Fairus Ahmad: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
Pei-Yuen Ng: Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Campus, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
Nor Aini Jamil: Centre for Community Health Studies, Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Campus Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
Noorazah Abd Aziz: Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
Kok-Yong Chin: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Malaysia

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 7, 1-12

Abstract: Background: The current osteoporosis screening instruments are not optimized to be used among the Malaysian population. This study aimed to develop an osteoporosis screening algorithm based on risk factors for Malaysians. Methods: Malaysians aged ≥50 years (n = 607) from Klang Valley, Malaysia were interviewed and their bone health status was assessed using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry device. The algorithm was constructed based on osteoporosis risk factors using multivariate logistic regression and its performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristics analysis. Results: Increased age, reduced body weight and being less physically active significantly predicted osteoporosis in men, while in women, increased age, lower body weight and low-income status significantly predicted osteoporosis. These factors were included in the final algorithm and the optimal cut-offs to identify subjects with osteoporosis was 0.00120 for men [sensitivity 73.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 54.1%–87.7%), specificity 67.8% (95% CI = 62.7%–85.5%), area under curve (AUC) 0.705 (95% CI = 0.608–0.803), p < 0.001] and 0.161 for women [sensitivity 75.4% (95% CI = 61.9%–73.3%), specificity 74.5% (95% CI = 68.5%–79.8%), AUC 0.749 (95% CI = 0.679–0.820), p < 0.001]. Conclusion: The new algorithm performed satisfactorily in identifying the risk of osteoporosis among the Malaysian population ≥50 years. Further validation studies are required before applying this algorithm for screening of osteoporosis in public.

Keywords: bone mineral density; calcium; exercise; osteoporosis; osteopenia (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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