Associations between the Chronotypes and Eating Habits of Hong Kong School-Aged Children

Branda Yee-Man Yu, Wing-Fai Yeung, Yuan-Shan Ho, Fiona Yan Yee Ho, Ka Fai Chung, Regina Lai Tong Lee, Mei Yuk Lam and Shucheng Chen
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Branda Yee-Man Yu: School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
Wing-Fai Yeung: School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
Yuan-Shan Ho: School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
Fiona Yan Yee Ho: Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Ka Fai Chung: Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Regina Lai Tong Lee: School of Nursing and Midwifery, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia
Mei Yuk Lam: School of Medical and Health Sciences, Tung Wah College, Hong Kong, China
Shucheng Chen: School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 7, 1-15

Abstract: Later chronotypes have been found to be associated with unhealthy diets in adolescents and adults, but no study has been conducted in children. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between the chronotypes and dietary patterns of school-aged children. Children aged 7–11 and their parents were recruited from five mainstream schools in Hong Kong. The parents were told to complete questionnaires on the children’s circadian preferences, food frequency, and dietary behaviors. All of the questionnaires were distributed and collected by schoolteachers. No gender differences in chronotype were observed (all p > 0.05). The evening-type was associated with significantly greater odds of viewing television (TV) during meals (adjusted odds ratios (OR) = 5.62 in boys and 5.39 in girls). Evening-oriented boys were prone to skipping breakfast (adjusted OR = 14.78), whereas evening-oriented girls were at risk of consuming fast food (adjusted OR = 7.74). There are indications of some gender differences in chronotype-related eating patterns. Sleep duration and screen time significantly mediated the associations between later chronotypes and unhealthy eating habits. Individualized dietary recommendations in accordance with circadian preferences may be effective at promoting healthy and nutritious diets for school-aged children.

Keywords: dietary habits; eating patterns; circadian rhythm; chrono-nutrition; morningness; eveningness (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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