Synthesis and Hydration Characteristic of Geopolymer Based on Lead Smelting Slag

Liwei Yao, Degang Liu, Yong Ke, Yuancheng Li, Zhongbing Wang, Jiangchi Fei, Hui Xu and Xiaobo Min
Additional contact information
Liwei Yao: School of Metallurgy and Environment, Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Degang Liu: School of Metallurgical and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
Yong Ke: School of Metallurgy and Environment, Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Yuancheng Li: School of Metallurgy and Environment, Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Zhongbing Wang: School of Metallurgy and Environment, Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Jiangchi Fei: School of Metallurgy and Environment, Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Hui Xu: School of Metallurgy and Environment, Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Xiaobo Min: School of Metallurgy and Environment, Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 8, 1-12

Abstract: Lead smelting slag (LSS) has been identified as general industrial solid waste, which is produced from the pyrometallurgical treatment of the Shuikoushan process for primary lead production in China. The LSS-based geopolymer was synthesized after high-energy ball milling. The effect of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) on the synthesis parameters of the geopolymer was optimized. Under the best parameters of the geopolymer (modulus of water glass was 1–1.5, dosage of water glass (W(SiO 2 +Na 2 O)) was 5% and water-to-binder ratio was 0.2), the UCS reached 76.09 MPa after curing for 28 days. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) leaching concentration of Zn from LSS fell from 167.16 to 93.99 mg/L after alkali-activation, which was below the limit allowed. Meanwhile, C-S-H and the geopolymer of the hydration products were identified from the geopolymer. In addition, the behavior of iron was also discussed. Then, the hydration process characteristics of the LSS-based geopolymer were proposed. The obtained results showed that Ca 2+ and Fe 2+ occupied the site of the network as modifiers in the glass phase and then dissociated from the glass network after the water glass activation. At the same time, C-S-H, the geopolymer and Fe(OH) 2 gel were produced, and then the Fe(OH) 2 was easily oxidized to Fe(OH) 3 under the air curing conditions. Consequently, the conclusion was drawn that LSS was an implementable raw material for geopolymer production.

Keywords: lead smelting slag; geopolymer; iron behavior; immobilization; hydration characteristic (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/8/2762/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/8/2762/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:8:p:2762-:d:346448

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().