Does Diabetes Induce the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Expression in Periodontal Tissues? A Systematic Review

Gianna Maria Nardi, Elisabetta Ferrara, Ilaria Converti, Francesca Cesarano, Salvatore Scacco, Roberta Grassi, Antonio Gnoni, Felice Roberto Grassi and Biagio Rapone
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Gianna Maria Nardi: Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
Elisabetta Ferrara: Complex Operative Unit of Odontostomatology, Hospital S.S. Annunziata, 66100 Chieti, Italy
Ilaria Converti: Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
Francesca Cesarano: Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
Salvatore Scacco: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
Roberta Grassi: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
Antonio Gnoni: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
Felice Roberto Grassi: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
Biagio Rapone: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, “Aldo Moro” University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 8, 1-16

Abstract: Aim: Diabetes and periodontal disease are both chronic pathological conditions linked by several underlying biological mechanisms, in which the inflammatory response plays a critical role, and their association has been largely recognized. Recently, attention has been given to diabetes as an important mediator of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) overexpression in periodontal tissues, by virtue of its ability to affect microvasculature. This review aims to summarize the findings from studies that explored VEGF expression in diabetic patients with periodontitis, compared to periodontally healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A PubMed search of select medical subject heading (MeSH) terms was carried out to identify all studies reporting findings about VEGF expression in periodontal tissues of diabetic patients up to May 2018. The inclusion criteria were studies on VEGF expression in periodontally diseased tissues of diabetic patients compared with nondiabetic subjects, with any method of analysis, and published in the English language. Results: Eight articles met the inclusion criteria. Immunohistochemistry was used in six of the studies, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR) aiming to quantify mRNA VEGF expression was used in one study, and ELISA analysis was used for one study. Compared with nondiabetic patients, a higher VEGF expression in gingival tissue and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples in diabetic patients with periodontitis was reported. Conclusions: Overall, novel evidence for the VEGF expression within the periodontal tissue of diabetic patients paves the way for further studies on the role of this protein in neovascularization physiology and pathophysiology in microvasculature of the periodontium.

Keywords: vascular endothelial growth factor; periodontitis; type II diabetes; type I diabetes; periodontal disease (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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