The Paradox Association between Smoking and Blood Pressure among Half Million Chinese People

Mengying Wang, Wenyong Li, Ren Zhou, Siyue Wang, Hongchen Zheng, Jin Jiang, Shengfeng Wang, Canqing Yu, Wenjing Gao, Jun Lv, Tao Wu, Weihua Cao, Yonghua Hu, Liming Li and John S. Ji
Additional contact information
Mengying Wang: School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Wenyong Li: School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Ren Zhou: School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Siyue Wang: School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Hongchen Zheng: School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Jin Jiang: School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Shengfeng Wang: School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Canqing Yu: School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Wenjing Gao: School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Jun Lv: School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Tao Wu: School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Weihua Cao: School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Yonghua Hu: School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Liming Li: School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
John S. Ji: Environmental Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan 215316, China

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 8, 1-11

Abstract: Background : The association between smoking and blood pressure (BP) has been explored extensively, yet the results remain inconclusive. Using real-world evidence of a large Chinese population, we examine the effect of smoking on BP levels. Methods : We utilize half a million adults from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study with baseline sampling collected between 2004 and 2008. Multivariable linear regression analyses are used to estimate linear regression coefficients of smoking for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Results: 459,815 participants (180,236 males and 279,579 females) are included in the analysis. Regular smoking is significantly associated with lower SBP (−0.57 mm Hg, p < 0.001) and DBP (−0.35 mm Hg, p < 0.001) when compared with non-smoking in men. Additionally, SBP and DBP decrease significantly among all groups of different smoking status in women ( p < 0.001). Additionally, pack-years show negative associations with SBP and DBP in both men and women. Further analysis shows the interaction of smoking and alcohol consumption is associated with an increase of SBP and DBP (men: 2.38 mm Hg and 0.89 mm Hg; women: 5.21 mm Hg and 2.62 mm Hg) among co-regular smokers and regular drinkers when compared with regular smokers who are not exposed to alcohol consumption. Conclusions: A negative association between smoking and BP is observed. However, the interaction between smoking and alcohol consumption is associated with BP increase. The findings suggest the importance of considering smoking and alcohol consumption in BP control in addition to antihypertensive treatment in clinical and public health practice.

Keywords: blood pressure; tobacco smoking; alcohol consumption; interaction (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/8/2824/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/8/2824/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:8:p:2824-:d:347806

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().