Association between Passive Smoking from the Mother and Pediatric Crohn’s Disease: A Japanese Multicenter Study

Koji Uchiyama, Yasuo Haruyama, Hiromi Shiraishi, Kiyohiko Katahira, Daiki Abukawa, Takashi Ishige, Hitoshi Tajiri, Keiichi Uchida, Kan Uchiyama, Masakazu Washio, Erika Kobashi, Atsuko Maekawa, Kazushi Okamoto, Toshimi Sairenchi, Yuka Imamura, Shuji Ohhira, Akira Hata and Gen Kobashi
Additional contact information
Koji Uchiyama: Laboratory of International Environmental Health, Center for International Cooperation, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
Yasuo Haruyama: Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
Hiromi Shiraishi: Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Human Arts and Sciences, Saitama 339-8539, Japan
Kiyohiko Katahira: Research Institute of Clinical and Social Pharmacy, Saitama 341-0035, Japan
Daiki Abukawa: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Miyagi Children’s Hospital, Miyagi 989-3126, Japan
Takashi Ishige: Department of Pediatrics, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
Hitoshi Tajiri: Department of Pediatrics, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka 558-8558, Japan
Keiichi Uchida: Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie 514-8507, Japan
Kan Uchiyama: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba 277-8567, Japan
Masakazu Washio: St. Mary’s College, Fukuoka 830-8558, Japan
Erika Kobashi: Musashino University, School of Human Sciences, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
Atsuko Maekawa: Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
Kazushi Okamoto: Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Nursing and Health, Aichi Prefectural University, Aichi 480-1198, Japan
Toshimi Sairenchi: Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
Yuka Imamura: Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
Shuji Ohhira: Laboratory of International Environmental Health, Center for International Cooperation, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
Akira Hata: Department of Public Health, Chiba University School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
Gen Kobashi: Department of Public Health, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 17, issue 8, 1-10

Abstract: Smoking is a risk factor for adult-onset Crohn’s disease (CD). Although passive smoking from family members is a major concern, especially in pediatric CD, the number of existing epidemiological studies is limited. This multicenter case–control study aimed to assess the effects of familial smoking on pediatric CD. We examined 22 pediatric CD cases and 135 controls. The subjects’ mothers were given a self-administered questionnaire about family smoking before disease onset in the CD group or the corresponding period in the control group. Univariable logistic regression model was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), whereas dose–response relationship analyses were performed for more in-depth evaluations. Univariable analyses indicated that passive smoking from the mother (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 0.61–7.10) was not a significant, but a candidate risk factor for developing pediatric CD. In contrast, the dose–response relationship analyses revealed that passive smoking from the mother (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.04–1.31) was significantly associated with pediatric CD. Therefore, passive smoking from the mother may be predominantly associated with the development of pediatric CD. Further follow-up studies comprising environmental measurements of passive smoking exposure doses and genetic factors interaction analysis are necessary.

Keywords: dose-response relationship; epidemiology; maternal smoking; passive smoking; pediatric Crohn’s disease (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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