Expression of CD34 and α-SMA Markers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Differentiation. A Histological and Histo-Chemical Study

Afsheen Maqsood, Anwar Ali, Zareena Zaffar, Sameer Mokeem, Sara S. Mokeem, Naseer Ahmed, Nawwaf Al-Hamoudi, Fahim Vohra, Fawad Javed and Tariq Abduljabbar
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Afsheen Maqsood: Department of Oral Pathology, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi 75500, Pakistan
Anwar Ali: Department of Oral Surgery, Dr Ishrat Ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
Zareena Zaffar: Department of Oral Surgery, Dr Ishrat Ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
Sameer Mokeem: Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Sara S. Mokeem: College of Dentistry, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh 12611, Saudi Arabia
Naseer Ahmed: Department of Prosthodontics, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi 75500, Pakistan
Nawwaf Al-Hamoudi: Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Fahim Vohra: Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, Research Chair for Biological Research in Dental Health, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
Fawad Javed: Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
Tariq Abduljabbar: Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, Research Chair for Biological Research in Dental Health, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 18, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: To reduce morbidity and mortality rates of OSCC cases, early diagnosis, assessment of behavior and prognostic estimates are vital. This study analyzed the expression of CD34 and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in OSCC, to establish their significance in diagnosis and prognosis. Primary cases of OSCC, diagnosed with excisional biopsy at multiple cancer treatment centers, were included. Tissue sections were embedded and stained with H & E for histological differentiation and invasion of tumor vessel. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies against CD34 and α-SMA. The chi-square and Pearson correlation coefficient (r) tests were applied for data analysis. Eighty patients with fifty males (62.5%) and thirty females (37.5%) and mean age of 45 ± 14.1 years were evaluated. Buccal mucosa was the most common site for OSCC lesions [36 (45%)]; 47.5% of lesions were moderately differentiated and 33.8% were well-differentiated lesions. Invasion of tumor vessels was observed in 35% of specimens. A significant association was seen between CD34 expression and histological grading of OSCC ( p < 0.002). Among all poorly differentiated OSCC specimens, expression of CD 34 was low and α-SMA was high. CD 34 is a critical prognostic factor in OSCC diagnosis and increased α-SMA-positive myofibroblasts may indicate aggressive OSCC behavior.

Keywords: oral squamous cell carcinoma; CD34; α-SMA; myofibroblasts; tumor markers (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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