Obstetric Violence in Spain (Part II): Interventionism and Medicalization during Birth

Desirée Mena-Tudela, Susana Iglesias-Casás, Víctor Manuel González-Chordá, Águeda Cervera-Gasch, Laura Andreu-Pejó and María Jesús Valero-Chilleron
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Desirée Mena-Tudela: Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
Susana Iglesias-Casás: Department of Obstetrics, Hospital do Salnés, Villgarcía de Aurousa, 36619 Pontevedra, Spain
Víctor Manuel González-Chordá: Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
Águeda Cervera-Gasch: Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
Laura Andreu-Pejó: Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
María Jesús Valero-Chilleron: Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain

IJERPH, 2020, vol. 18, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Background: obstetric violence can partially be represented by the high number of interventions and medicalization rates during the birthing process. The objective of the present study was to determine the interventionism and medicalization levels during childbirth in Spain. Methods: a descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2018 and June 2019. Results: the intervention percentages were 34.2% for Kristeller maneuver and 39.3% for episiotomy. Differences appeared in public, private, and mixed healthcare settings ( p < 0.001). The mean satisfaction, with healthcare in the different settings, was estimated at 6.88 points (SD ± 2.146) in public healthcare, 4.76 points (SD ± 3.968) in private healthcare, and 8.03 points (SD ± 1.930) in mixed healthcare ( p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were found in Spanish autonomous communities. Conclusions: births in Spain seem to be highly intervened. In this study, a certain equity criterion was found concerning interventionism during childbirth in Spain. Healthcare influenced female intervention, satisfaction, and perception levels for obstetric violence; this evidences that female empowerment plays an important role.

Keywords: obstetric violence; Spain; midwife; sexual and reproduction health; medicalization; interventionism (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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